Java:使用synchronized和Lock对象获取对象锁

原创作品,允许转载,转载时请务必以超链接形式标明文章  原始出处 、作者信息和本声明。否则将追究法律责任。 http://zhangjunhd.blog.51cto.com/113473/70300
在并发环境下,解决共享资源冲突问题时,可以考虑使用锁机制。
1.对象的锁
所有对象都自动含有单一的锁。
JVM负责跟踪对象被加锁的次数。如果一个对象被解锁,其计数变为0。在任务(线程)第一次给对象加锁的时候,计数变为1。每当这个相同的任务(线程)在此对象上获得锁时,计数会递增。
只有首先获得锁的任务(线程)才能继续获取该对象上的多个锁。
每当任务离开一个synchronized方法,计数递减,当计数为0的时候,锁被完全释放,此时别的任务就可以使用此资源。
2.synchronized同步块
2.1同步到单一对象锁
当使用同步块时,如果方法下的同步块都同步到一个对象上的锁,则所有的任务(线程)只能互斥的进入这些同步块。
Resource1.java演示了三个线程(包括main线程)试图进入某个类的三个不同的方法的同步块中,虽然这些同步块处在不同的方法中,但由于是同步到同一个对象(当前对象  synchronized  ( this )),所以对它们的方法依然是互斥的。
Resource1.java
package com.zj.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
public class Resource2 {
     private Object  syncObject1 =  new Object();
     private Object  syncObject2 =  new Object();
 
     public void f() {
        // other operations should not be locked...
       System. out.println(Thread. currentThread().getName()
              +  ":not synchronized in f()");
        synchronized ( this) {
            for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
              System. out.println(Thread. currentThread().getName()
                     +  ":synchronized in f()");
               try {
                  TimeUnit. SECONDS.sleep(3);
              }  catch (InterruptedException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
           }
       }
    }
 
     public void g() {
        // other operations should not be locked...
       System. out.println(Thread. currentThread().getName()
              +  ":not synchronized in g()");
        synchronized ( syncObject1) {
            for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
              System. out.println(Thread. currentThread().getName()
                     +  ":synchronized in g()");
               try {
                  TimeUnit. SECONDS.sleep(3);
              }  catch (InterruptedException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
           }
       }
    }
 
     public void h() {
        // other operations should not be locked...
       System. out.println(Thread. currentThread().getName()
              +  ":not synchronized in h()");
        synchronized ( syncObject2) {
            for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
              System. out.println(Thread. currentThread().getName()
                     +  ":synchronized in h()");
               try {
                  TimeUnit. SECONDS.sleep(3);
              }  catch (InterruptedException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
           }
       }
    }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Resource2 rs =  new Resource2();
 
        new Thread() {
            public void run() {
              rs.f();
           }
       }.start();
 
        new Thread() {
            public void run() {
              rs.g();
           }
       }.start();
 
       rs.h();
    }
}
结果:
Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:not synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
3.Lock对象锁
除了使用synchronized外,还可以使用Lock对象来创建临界区。Resource3.java的演示效果同Resource1.java;Resource4.java的演示效果同Resource2.java。
Resource3.java
package com.zj.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 
public class Resource4 {
     private Lock  lock1 =  new ReentrantLock();
     private Lock  lock2 =  new ReentrantLock();
     private Lock  lock3 =  new ReentrantLock();
 
     public void f() {
        // other operations should not be locked...
       System. out.println(Thread. currentThread().getName()
              +  ":not synchronized in f()");
        lock1.lock();
        try {
            for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
              System. out.println(Thread. currentThread().getName()
                     +  ":synchronized in f()");
               try {
                  TimeUnit. SECONDS.sleep(3);
              }  catch (InterruptedException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
           }
       }  finally {
            lock1.unlock();
       }
    }
 
     public void g() {
        // other operations should not be locked...
       System. out.println(Thread. currentThread().getName()
              +  ":not synchronized in g()");
        lock2.lock();
        try {
            for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
              System. out.println(Thread. currentThread().getName()
                     +  ":synchronized in g()");
               try {
                  TimeUnit. SECONDS.sleep(3);
              }  catch (InterruptedException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
           }
       }  finally {
            lock2.unlock();
       }
    }
 
     public void h() {
        // other operations should not be locked...
       System. out.println(Thread. currentThread().getName()
              +  ":not synchronized in h()");
        lock3.lock();
        try {
            for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
              System. out.println(Thread. currentThread().getName()
                     +  ":synchronized in h()");
               try {
                  TimeUnit. SECONDS.sleep(3);
              }  catch (InterruptedException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
           }
       }  finally {
            lock3.unlock();
       }
    }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Resource4 rs =  new Resource4();
 
        new Thread() {
            public void run() {
              rs.f();
           }
       }.start();
 
        new Thread() {
            public void run() {
              rs.g();
           }
       }.start();
 
       rs.h();
    }
}
结果:
Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:not synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
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