随记录 之 Spring 自学笔记（一） -- IOC(一)

Spring 自学

首先一个简单DEMO：

POJO：

public class Student {
	
	private String number;
	private String name;
	private int age;
	
	public Student(String name, String number, int age){
		this.age = age;
		this.name = name;
		this.number = number;
	}

}

1.IOC

注入：

1、构造器注入

2、setter注入

1》构造器注入

<!-- 构造器 注入 
1、使用 type 属性显式的指定了构造函数参数的类型 
2、 使用 index 属性来显式的指定构造函数参数的索引 -->

	<bean id="student10" class="com.wm.spring.IOC.Student" scope="prototype">
		<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="Tom" />
		<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="20130513" />
		<constructor-arg type="int" value="19" />
	</bean>


	<bean id="student11" class="com.wm.spring.IOC.Student" scope="prototype">
		<constructor-arg index="0" value="Tom" />
		<constructor-arg index="1" value="20130513" />
		<constructor-arg index="2" value="19" />
	</bean>

这儿测试的时候，如果定义两个student，scope没有写成prototype会报错，这是因为默认是singleton单例，只能有一个class一样的，id会失效

2》setter注入

	<bean id="student" class="com.wm.spring.IOC.Student" scope="prototype">
		<property name="number" value="20130512"/>
		<property name="name" value="jack"/>
		<property name="age" value="18"/>
	</bean>

        // setter 注入时 必须要有一个无参构造函数
	public Student(){
		System.out.println("Student 默认构造器 。。。。。");
	}

在使用setter注入时，如果有如下报错，则是因为POJO没有 无参构造函数

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'student' defined in class path resource [spring.xml]: Instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Could not instantiate bean class [com.wm.spring.IOC.Student]: No default constructor found; nested exception is java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: com.wm.spring.IOC.Student.<init>()
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1076)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1021)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:504)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:195)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:973)
	at com.wm.spring.TEST.MainTest.TestBean(MainTest.java:26)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:69)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:48)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:292)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Could not instantiate bean class [com.wm.spring.IOC.Student]: No default constructor found; nested exception is java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: com.wm.spring.IOC.Student.<init>()
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:85)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1069)
	... 31 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: com.wm.spring.IOC.Student.<init>()
	at java.lang.Class.getConstructor0(Class.java:2849)
	at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.java:2053)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:80)
	... 32 more

2.bean作用范围 

--scope  默认作用域是单例

bean支持的5种范围域：
singleton   单例   - 每个Spring IoC 容器返回一个bean实例
prototype        原型   - 当每次请求时返回一个新的bean实例
request          请求   - 返回每个HTTP请求的一个Bean实例
session     会话   - 返回每个HTTP会话的一个bean实例
          全局会话- 返回全局HTTP会话的一个bean实例
     
     
     

    测试例子：

public class MainTest {
	
	private ApplicationContext ac = null;
	
	{
		ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

	}
	
	@Test
	public void TestBean(){
		
		System.out.println("setter 注入：");

		Student student = (Student)ac.getBean("student");
		
		String result = student.toString();
		
		System.out.println(result);
	}
	
	
	@Test
	public void TestConstructor(){
		
		System.out.println("构造器注入：");
		System.out.println("使用type：");
		Student student = (Student)ac.getBean("student10");
		System.out.println(student.toString());
		
		System.out.println("使用index：");
		Student student1 = (Student)ac.getBean("student11");
		System.out.println(student1.toString());
		
	}

}

maven 的 pom.xml配置文件：

		<!-- spring -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>4.0.2.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		
		<!-- test -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.9</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>