mysql基础（6）查询练习

石明亮（JT）

已于 2024-04-11 11:35:05 修改

阅读量389

点赞数 3

分类专栏： mysql基础课程文章标签：数据库 oracle sql

于 2024-01-30 12:36:27 首次发布

石明亮

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/myfavoritey/article/details/135930318

版权

mysql基础课程专栏收录该内容

6 篇文章 2 订阅

订阅专栏

mysql语句练习（基本）（这些已经就够用了，想多接触的就看看复杂的）

create database jiangsu;   #新建一个名为jiangsu的数据库
use jiangsu;   #使用该数据库
create table location(Region char(20),Store_name char(20));   #创建location表，字段1为Region，数据类型为char，数据长度为20；字段2为Store_name，数据类型为char，长度为20.
insert into location values('North','Xuzhou');   #插入4条数据
insert into location values('North','Suqian'); 
insert into location values('South','Nanjing'); 
insert into location values('South','Suzhou'); 
create table store_info(Store_name char(20),Sales int(10),Date char(10));   #再创建一张store_info表
insert into store_info values('Xuzhou',300,'2020-12-08');   #插入4条数据
insert into store_info values('Suqian',249,'2020-12-07');
insert into store_info values('Nanjing',1500,'2020-12-05');
insert into store_info values('Suzhou',700,'2020-12-08');

1、基本查询

----------------select-------------------
select用于查询表格中的一个或多个字段的数据记录
语法格式：select 字段1，字段2，... from 表名;
select * from location;   #查询location表中的所有字段，*表示所有，如果不嫌麻烦，当然也可以将所有字段都输进去
select Region from location;   #查询location表中的Region的数据
select sales,Date from store_info;   #查询store_info表中的sales,Date字段的数据  

----------------DISTINCT-------------------
DISTINCT用于将重复的数据压缩为一个
语法格式：select distinct 字段名 from 表名；
select distinct Store_name from store_info;   #查询dtore_info表中的Store_name字段的数据，如有重复，则只显示一个

----------------where-------------------
where用于带条件查询
语法格式：select 字段名 from 表名 where 条件语句;
select Store_name from store_info where sales=300;   #查询store_info表中sales字段的值等于300的Store_name的数据
select Store_name from store_info where sales>500;   #查询store_info表中sales字段的值大于500的Store_name的数据

----------------and   or-------------------
and，且，用于查询一个数据范围；or，或，用于查询包含条件语句的所有数据
语法格式：select 字段名 from 表名 where 条件1 and/or 条件2;
select Store_name from store_info where sales>250 and sales<1000;   #查询store_info表中sales字段的值大于250，且小于1000的Store_name的数据
select Store_name from store_info where sales<250 or sales>1000;   #查询store_info表中sales字段的值小于250，或者 大于1000的Store_name的数据
select Store_name from store_info where sales>1000 or (sales >200 and sales < 500);   #括号的优先级高，所以先根据括号里的and条件语句进行筛选，然后再根据or进行筛选，最后查询最终筛选出来的数据；该语句先筛选出sales大于200且小于500的值，再使用or进行或的删选，最终筛选出来的结果应该是在200到500之间的值或者大于1000的值。
select Store_name from store_info where sales>1000 or sales >200 and sales < 500;   #如果不加括号，and的优先级是比or要高的，也就是说，当一条条件语句中同时存在and和or（没有括号），会先执行and条件。

----------------in-------------------
in用来显示已知值的数据，简单来说，in后面跟的是一个数据集合，查询语句会根据数据集合中的值进行筛选查询。not in 就是取数据集合中的反，不在数据集合中的数据。
语法格式：select 字段名1 from 表名 where 字段名2 in ('字段名2的值1','字段名2的值2，......');
select * from store_info where Store_name in ('Nanjing','Xuzhou');   #将Nanjing和Xuzhou的所有信息都查询出来。
注：in可以用or代替
上述语句等于：select * from store_info where Store_name='Nanjing' or Store_name='Xuzhou';

----------------between...and-------------------
between 值1 and 值2 ,在值1与值2之间(值2 > 值1)，该语句查询的是一个范围，包含值1和值2。其作用相在某一方面当于大于等于 ... and 小于等于 ... 。
语法格式：select 字段名 from 表名 where 字段名 between 值1 and 值2;
select * from store_info where Date between '2020-12-07' and '2020-12-10';   #查询store_info表中的Data的值在12-06与12-10之间的所有数据

----------------通配符-------------------
通配符一般情况下和like一起使用进行模糊查询，模糊查询的概念就是将所有符合条件的数据全部查询出来，而等于号是精确查询，会直接将具体的某一数据查询出来
模糊查询的字符如下：
%：百分号表示0个，1个或多个字符
_:下划线表示单个字符
语法格式：select 字段 from 表名 where 字段 like '通配符';
select * from store_info where Date like '2020%';   #将Date的值为2020，后面随便（2020后有没有都行）的值全部查询出来
select * from store_info where Date like '2020-12-0_';   #将2020-12-0，后面只能匹配一个字符（必须存在且只能有一个）的所有数据查询出来

----------------like-------------------
like，模糊查询，用于查询符合条件的所有数据，通常和通配符一起使用，语法和通配符一样的，因为是结合使用。
create database name;
use name;
create table stu_name(sname char(10));
insert into stu_name values('张');
insert into stu_name values('张三');
insert into stu_name values('张四');
insert into stu_name values('张无忌');
insert into stu_name values('一张纸');
insert into stu_name values('弓长张');
select * from stu_name where sname like '张%';   #查询所有张姓的名字，只要姓张就行
select * from stu_name where sname like '%张';   #查询所有最后一个字是张的姓名，前面无所谓
select * from stu_name where sname like '%张%';   #查询所有包含张的姓名，张字在姓在名都行
select * from stu_name where sname like '张_';   #查询所有张姓且只有两个字的名字
select * from stu_name where sname like '张__';（两条下划线）  #查询所有张姓，且必须为三个字的名字
select * from stu_name where sname like '_张%';  #查询所有第二个字为张的名字
select * from stu_name where sname like '张_%';   #查询所有张姓，名字至少包含两个字的名字
select * from stu_name where sname like '张%_';   #查询所有张姓，名字至少包含两个字的名字，该语句和上面的查询结果一样，但理解是不同的。

----------------order by-------------------
order by 用于关键字的排序
语法格式：select 字段 from 表名 [where 条件语句] order by 字段 asc/desc;
asc:按字段升序，默认为asc
desc：按字段降序
select Store_name,Date,sales from store_info order by sales;   #按照sales升序排列后，查询name、date和sales
select Store_name,Date,sales from store_info order by sales desc;   #按照sales降序排列后，查询name、date和sales

2、函数查询

-------------数学函数-------------------
abs(x)         #返回x的绝对值
rand()         #返回0到1之间的随机数
mod(x,y)       #返回x除以y的余数
power(x,y)     #返回x的y次方
round(x)       #返回离x最近的整数
round(x,y)     #保留x的y位小数四舍五入之后的值
sqrt(x)        #返回x的平方根
truncate(x,y)  #返回x截断为y位小数的值
ceil(x)        #返回大于或等于x的最小整数
floor(x)       #返回小于或等于x的最大整数
greatest(x,y,z,...)   #返回集合中最大的值
least(x,y,z,...)      #返回集合中最小的值
---------------------------------------------
select abs(-1),rand(),mod(5,2),power(2,3),round(1.75);
select round(3.1415926,5),sqrt(2),truncate(3.141592653,4),ceil(5.2),floor(3.2),greatest(1.61,2.54,0.87),least(5.23,8.71,4.13);







--------------聚合函数--------------------
avg()       #返回指定列的平均值
count()     #返回指定列中非空值的个数
min()       #返回指定列的最小值
max()       #返回指定列的最大值
sum(x)      #返回指定列的所有值的和  
------------------------------------------
select avg(sales) from store_info;   #查询sales的平均值
平均值的另一种方法：
select sum(sales)/(select count(sales) from store_info) from store_info;

select count(Date) from store_info;   #统计Date的数据个数，包括重复的值，但不包括空值

select count(distinct Date) from store_info;   #统计Date的数据个数,重复的数据只统计一次，不包括空值

select count(*) from store_info;   #全部统计，包括空值，count(*)扫描全表

select min(sales) from store_info;   #查询sales的最小值
最小值的另一种方法：
select sales from store_info order by sales limit 1;

select max(sales) from store_info;   #查询sales的最大值
最大值的另一种方法：
select sales from store_info order by sales desc limit 1;

select sum(sales) from store_info;   #查询sales的和








-----------------字符串函数--------------------
trim()             #返回去除指定格式的值
concat(x,y)        #将提供的参数x和y拼接成一个字符串
substr(x,y)        #获取字符串x中第y个位置开始的字符串，跟substring()函数作用相同
substr(x,y,z)      #获取字符串x中第y个位置开始，长度为z的字符串
length(x)          #返回字符串x的长度
replace(x,y,z)     #将字符串z替代字符串x中的字符串y
upper(x)           #将字符串x中的所有字母变成大写
lower(x)           #将字符串x中的所有字母变成小写
left(x,y)          #返回字符串x中的前y个字符
right(x,y)         #返回字符串x中的后y个字符
repeat(x,y)        #将字符串x重复y次
space(x)           #返回x个空格
strcmp(x,y)        #比较x和y，返回的值可以为-1，0，1
reverse(x)         #将字符串x反转

select concat(Region,Store_name) from location where Store_name='Xuzhou';   #将location表中Store_name='Xuzhou'的Region,Store_name的值拼接在一起

select Region || ' ' || Store_name from location where Store_name='Xuzhou';   #在my.cnf中开启了PIPES_AS_CONCAT模式后，可以使用 || 代替concat函数，将多个字符串拼接在一起

select substr(Store_name,3) from store_info where Store_name='Suqian';   #将Suqian的第3个字符往后的所有字符截取出来

select substr((select Region || ' ' || Store_name from location where Store_name='Xuzhou'),1,5);   #将上一条拼接的字段的第1到5个字符截取出来

select trim([[位置] [要除移的字符串] from] 字符串);
#位置：leading（开头），tariling（结尾），both（开头及结尾）
#要除移的字符串：从字符串的开头、结尾，或开头及结尾除移的字符串，缺省时为空格
select trim(leading 'Xu' from 'Xuzhou');   #将Xuzhou开头的Xu去掉

select Region,length(Store_name) from location;   #查询location表中的Region字段的值和Store_name的值的长度

select replace(Region,'th','thern') from location;   #将location表中的Region字段的值包含th的替换为thern，然后返回。

------------------group by-------------------
group by用于对查询结果进行汇总分组，通常是结合聚合函数
一起使用，group by有一个原则，凡是在group by后面出现的
字段，必须在select后面出现。凡是在select后面出现、且未在
group by后面出现的字段，必须出现在group by后面。
语法格式：select 字段1，sum(字段2) from 表名 group by 字段1;

select Store_name,sum(sales) from store_info group by Store_name order by sum(sales);

------------------having----------------------
having用来过滤由group by语句返回的记录值，通常与group by语句联合使用。having语句的存在弥补了where关键字不能与聚合函数联合使用的不足。
语法格式：select 字段1,sum(字段2) from 表名 group by 字段1 having (函数条件)；
select Store_name,sum(sales) from  store_info group by Store_name having sum(sales) >1000;

-------------------别名----------------------
别名包括字段别名和表的别名，当一张表的名字或者表中的某一个字段名过于冗长时，可以使用别名将之代替，从而降低查询的失误率。
语法格式：select 字段 [AS] 字段别名 from 表名 [AS] 表格别名；
select Store_name NAME,sales SALE from store_info;

------------------子查询---------------------
子查询通常用于连接表格，在where子句或者having子句中插入另一个SQL语句。
语法格式：select 字段1 from 表格1 where 字段2 [比较运算符] (select 字段2 from 表格2 where 条件语句);括号里的select语句是内查询，括号外的select语句是外查询
select Region from location where Store_name=(select Store_name from store_info where sales=300);   #比较运算符，可以是=、>、<或者>=、<=

select sales from store_info where Store_name in (select Store_name from  location);   #也可以是in、between...and、like等

3、exists

 ------------------exists---------------------
 exists用来测试内查询有没有产生任何结果，类似布尔值
 是否为真。如果内查询产生了结果，则将结果作为外查询
 的条件继续执行，如果没有结果，那么整条语句都不会产
 生结果。
 语法格式：select 字段1 from 表1 where exists (select 字段2 from 表2 where 条件语句);
 select sum(sales) from store_info where exists (select * from location where Region='North');   #
 #先执行内查询语句，即在location表中查询Region为North的所有数据，如果存在，则执行外查询语句；如果不存在，就不执行外查询
------------------连接查询-----------------------
inner join(内连接)：内连接只返回两个表中字段的值相等的数据，即两表的交集
left join(左连接)：返回包括左表中的所有记录和右表中联结字段相等的记录
right join(右连接)：返回包括右表中的所有记录和左表中联结字段相等的记录
select * from location left join store_info on location.Store_name=store_info.Store_name;  #左连接

select * from location right join store_info on location.Store_name=store_info.Store_name;   #右连接

select * from location inner join store_info on location.Store_name=store_info.Store_name;   #内连接法1

SELECT * FROM location A, store_info B WHERE A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name;   #内连接法2

SELECT Region REGION, SUM(B.Sales) SALES FROM location A, store_info B WHERE A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name GROUP BY Region;   #查询两表中name值相等的Region的值和sales的和，并按照Region字段进行分组，REGION是字段Region的别名，SALES是sum(sales)的别名，A是表location的别名，B是info表的别名

4、视图

---------------------view-----------------------
view，视图，视图是一张虚拟的表，通常用于保存多表联合查询出来数据，这样可以极大的减轻SQL语句的复杂度，在执行n张表的联合查询时，视图可以起到很大的便利作用。视图跟表格的不同是，表格中有实际储存数据记录，而视图是建立在表格之上的一个架构，它本身并不实际储存数据记录。而视图不会因为退出数据库而消失。
语法格式1：create view 视图名 as 查询语句;   #创建视图
语法格式2：drop view 视图名;   #删除视图
show tables from 库名;   #该命令不仅可以查看库所包含的表，也可以查看有哪些视图

------------------------union-------------------------
union，联集，其作用是将两个SQL语句的结果合并起来，两个SQL语句所产生的字段需要是同样的数据记录种类
union ：生成结果的数据记录值将没有重复，且按照字段的顺序进行排序
union all ：将生成结果的数据记录值都列出来，无论有无重复
语法格式：[select 语句 1] UNION [all] [SELECT 语句 2];
select Store_name from location union select Store_name from store_info;

select Store_name from location union all select Store_name from store_info;

-------------------求交集的几种方法------------------
存在重复数据：
1.select A.Store_Name FROM location A inner join store_info B on A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name;  
2.select A.Store_name from location A,store_info B where A.Store_name=B.Store_name; 
3.select A.Store_name from location A inner join store_info B using (Store_name);

无重复数据：
1.想要得到无重复数据其实很简单，在重复数据的查询语句select后加上distinct去重即可。
select distinct A.Store_Name FROM location A inner join store_info B on A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name;

2.使用子查询，在内查询中查询info中的name字段，并将之作为外查询的条件，这样，外查询的查询语句的范围就只能在内查询查出的数据中进行。（子查询实际上就是变相的内查询）
select distinct Store_name from location where Store_name in (select Store_name from store_info);

3.使用左查询，将location和info表进行左查询，会查询出location表中的所有name字段的值以及info表中与location表中name的值相等的数据，再使用distinct进行去重
select distinct A.Store_name from location A left join store_info B using(Store_name) where B.Store_name is not null;

4.使用级联查询，union all会将两张表的所有数据都连接到一起，这时只需要通过count()函数将大于1的数值统计出来，即可实现查询两表的共同数值。
 select Store_name,count(A.Store_name) from (select Store_name from location union all select Store_name from store_info) A group by A.Store_name having count(A.Store_name)>1 ;

---------------------无交集---------------------
既然我们可以查询出有交集的数据，那么取反就可以实现无交集的查询了
select distinct Store_name from location  where Store_name not in (select Store_name from store_info);

5、sql判断

---------------------case---------------------
case是SQL语句用来做为when-then-else（当...就...否则...）之类逻辑的关键字
语法格式：
select case 字段名
when 条件1 then 结果1
when 条件2 then 条件2
.....
[else 结果n]
end
from 表名;
 
 --------空值(NULL) 和 无值('') 的区别----------
1．无值的长度为 0，不占用空间的；而 NULL 值的长度是 NULL，是占用空间的。
2．IS NULL 或者 IS NOT NULL，是用来判断字段是不是为 NULL 或者不是 NULL，不能查出是不是无值的。
3．无值的判断使用=''或者<>''来处理。<> 代表不等于。 
4．在通过 count()指定字段统计有多少行数时，如果遇到 NULL 值会自动忽略掉，遇到无值会加入到记录中进行计算。
create table city(name char(10));   #新建city表
insert into city values ('beijing');   #插入三个值
insert into city values ('nanjing');
insert into city values ('xuzhou');
insert into city values ('');   #插入两个无值
insert into city values ('');
insert into city values (null);   #插入两个空值
insert into city values (null);
select * from city;   #查询city表的所有值
select length(name) from city;   #查询name字段值的长度
select count(name) from city;   #统计name字段的值，空值会被忽略
select length('111'),length(null),length('');   #比较有值、空值、无值的长度
select * from city where name is null;   #查询name为空的值
select * from city where name is not null;   #查询name字段不为空的值
select * from city where name = '';   #查询name值为无值的数据
select * from city where name <> '';   #查询name字段不为无值的数据，空值会被忽略

6、正则表达式

--------------------正则表达式-------------------------
^:匹配文本的开始字符
$:匹配文本的结束字符
.:匹配任何一个字符
*:匹配零个或多个在它前面的字符
+:匹配前面的字符1次或多次
字符串:匹配包含指定的字符串 					
p1|p2:匹配p1或p2 							
[...]:匹配字符集合中的任意一个字符 			
[^...]:匹配不在括号中的任何字符 				
{n}:匹配前面的字符串 n 次 
{n,m}:匹配前面的字符串至少n次，至多m次
语法格式：select 字段 from 表名 where 字段 REGEXP {模式};
select * from city where name regexp 'zhou';   #匹配数据中带zhou的
select * from city where name regexp 'nan|bei';   #匹配数据中有nan或bei的
select * from city where name regexp '^[xnb]';   #匹配以xnb任一字符开头的数据

mysql语句练习（复杂）

---------创建数据库、表、插入数据----------------------

-- 建表
-- 学生表
-- 创建学生表
CREATE TABLE Student(
    s_id VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '学生编号',
    s_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '学生姓名',
    s_birth VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '出生年月',
    s_sex VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '学生性别'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='学生表';

-- 创建课程表
CREATE TABLE Course(
    c_id VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '课程编号',
    c_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '课程名称',
    t_id VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '教师编号', -- 添加 NOT NULL 约束和默认值
    FOREIGN KEY (t_id) REFERENCES Teacher(t_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='课程表';

-- 创建教师表
CREATE TABLE Teacher(
    t_id VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '教师编号',
    t_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '教师姓名'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='教师表';

-- 创建成绩表
CREATE TABLE Score(
    s_id VARCHAR(20) COMMENT '学生编号',
    c_id  VARCHAR(20) COMMENT '课程编号',
    s_score INT(3) COMMENT '分数',
    PRIMARY KEY(s_id,c_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='成绩表';

-- 插入学生表测试数据
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');

-- 插入课程表测试数据
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');

-- 插入教师表测试数据
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');

-- 插入成绩表测试数据
insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);
--------------------------------------------------

---------创建数据库、表、插入数据----------------------

-- 建表
-- 学生表
-- 创建学生表
CREATE TABLE Student(
    s_id VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '学生编号',
    s_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '学生姓名',
    s_birth VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '出生年月',
    s_sex VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '学生性别'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='学生表';

-- 创建课程表
CREATE TABLE Course(
    c_id VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '课程编号',
    c_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '课程名称',
    t_id VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '教师编号', -- 添加 NOT NULL 约束和默认值
    FOREIGN KEY (t_id) REFERENCES Teacher(t_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='课程表';

-- 创建教师表
CREATE TABLE Teacher(
    t_id VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '教师编号',
    t_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '教师姓名'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='教师表';

-- 创建成绩表
CREATE TABLE Score(
    s_id VARCHAR(20) COMMENT '学生编号',
    c_id  VARCHAR(20) COMMENT '课程编号',
    s_score INT(3) COMMENT '分数',
    PRIMARY KEY(s_id,c_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='成绩表';

-- 插入学生表测试数据
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');

-- 插入课程表测试数据
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');

-- 插入教师表测试数据
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');

-- 插入成绩表测试数据
insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);
--------------------------------------------------

1、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
```sql
SELECT 
  Student.s_id, 
  Student.s_name, 
  Student.s_birth, 
  Student.s_sex, 
  Score01.s_score AS score_01, 
  Score02.s_score AS score_02
FROM 
  Student
INNER JOIN Score AS Score01 ON Student.s_id = Score01.s_id AND Score01.c_id = '01'  
INNER JOIN Score AS Score02 ON Student.s_id = Score02.s_id AND Score02.c_id = '02' 
WHERE 
  Score01.s_score > Score02.s_score;
```

2、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩低的学生的信息及课程分数
```sql
SELECT 
  Student.s_id, 
  Student.s_name, 
  Student.s_birth, 
  Student.s_sex, 
  Score01.s_score AS score_01, 
  Score02.s_score AS score_02
FROM 
  Student
INNER JOIN Score AS Score01 ON Student.s_id = Score01.s_id AND Score01.c_id = '01'  
INNER JOIN Score AS Score02 ON Student.s_id = Score02.s_id AND Score02.c_id = '02' 
WHERE 
  Score01.s_score < Score02.s_score;
```

3、查询平均成绩大于等于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
```sql
SELECT 
  Student.s_id, 
  Student.s_name, 
  AVG(Score.s_score) AS avg_score
FROM 
  Student
INNER JOIN Score ON Student.s_id = Score.s_id
GROUP BY 
  Student.s_id
HAVING 
  AVG(Score.s_score) >= 60;
```

4、查询平均成绩小于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩（包括有成绩的和无成绩的）
```sql
SELECT 
  Student.s_id, 
  Student.s_name, 
  IFNULL(AVG(Score.s_score), 0) AS avg_score
FROM 
  Student
LEFT JOIN Score ON Student.s_id = Score.s_id
GROUP BY 
  Student.s_id
HAVING 
  IFNULL(AVG(Score.s_score), 0) < 60;
```

5、查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩，并从高到低排序
```sql
SELECT 
  Student.s_id,
  Student.s_name, 
  COUNT(Score.c_id) AS course_count, 
  SUM(Score.s_score) AS total_score
FROM 
  Student
LEFT JOIN Score ON Student.s_id = Score.s_id
GROUP BY 
  Student.s_id
ORDER BY 
  total_score DESC;
```

6、查询"李"姓老师的数量
```sql
SELECT 
  COUNT(*) AS li_teacher_count
FROM 
  Teacher
WHERE 
  t_name LIKE '李%';
```

7、查询学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
```sql
SELECT 
  DISTINCT Student.s_id, 
  Student.s_name, 
  Student.s_birth, 
  Student.s_sex
FROM 
  Teacher
INNER JOIN Course ON Teacher.t_id = Course.t_id AND Teacher.t_name = '张三'
INNER JOIN Score ON Course.c_id = Score.c_id
INNER JOIN Student ON Score.s_id = Student.s_id;
```

8. 查询没学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息。
```sql
SELECT *
FROM Student
WHERE s_id NOT IN (
    SELECT Score.s_id
    FROM Score
    JOIN Course ON Score.c_id = Course.c_id
    JOIN Teacher ON Course.t_id = Teacher.t_id
    WHERE Teacher.t_name = '张三'
);
```

9. 查询学过编号为"01"并且也学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息，及两门课程成绩。
```sql
SELECT Student.*, Score01.s_score AS score01, Score02.s_score AS score02
FROM Student
JOIN Score AS Score01 ON Student.s_id = Score01.s_id AND Score01.c_id = '01'
JOIN Score AS Score02 ON Student.s_id = Score02.s_id AND Score02.c_id = '02';
```

10. 查询学过编号为"01"但是没有学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息。
```sql
SELECT *
FROM Student
WHERE s_id IN (
    SELECT s_id
    FROM Score
    WHERE c_id = '01'
)
AND s_id NOT IN (
    SELECT s_id
    FROM Score
    WHERE c_id = '02'
);
```

11. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息。
```sql
SELECT *
FROM Student
WHERE s_id NOT IN (
    SELECT s_id
    FROM Score
    GROUP BY s_id
    HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT c_id) = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Course)
);
```

12. 查询至少有一门课与学号为"01"的同学所学相同的同学的信息。
```sql
SELECT DISTINCT Student.*
FROM Student
JOIN Score ON Student.s_id = Score.s_id
WHERE Score.c_id IN (
    SELECT c_id
    FROM Score
    WHERE s_id = '01'
)
AND Student.s_id != '01';
```

13. 查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息。
```sql
SELECT DISTINCT s1.*
FROM Student s1
JOIN Score sc1 ON s1.s_id = sc1.s_id
WHERE sc1.c_id IN (
    SELECT sc2.c_id
    FROM Score sc2
    WHERE sc2.s_id = '01'
)
AND s1.s_id NOT IN (
    SELECT s_id
    FROM Score
    WHERE c_id NOT IN (
        SELECT c_id
        FROM Score
        WHERE s_id = '01'
    )
)
AND s1.s_id != '01'
```

15. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩。
```sql
SELECT Student.s_id, Student.s_name, AVG(Score.s_score) AS avg_score
FROM Student
JOIN Score ON Student.s_id = Score.s_id
GROUP BY Student.s_id, Student.s_name
HAVING SUM(Score.s_score < 60) >= 2;
```

16. 查询"01"课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息及01分数
```sql
SELECT s.s_id, s.s_name, s.s_birth, s.s_sex, sc.s_score
FROM Student AS s
JOIN Score AS sc ON s.s_id = sc.s_id
WHERE sc.c_id = '01' AND sc.s_score < 60
ORDER BY sc.s_score DESC;
```

17. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
```sql
SELECT s.s_id, s.s_name, AVG(sc.s_score) AS avg_score
FROM Student AS s
JOIN Score AS sc ON s.s_id = sc.s_id
GROUP BY s.s_id, s.s_name
ORDER BY avg_score DESC;
```

18. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分及及格率、中等率、优良率、优秀率
```sql
SELECT
    c.c_id,
    c.c_name,
    MAX(sc.s_score) AS max_score,
    MIN(sc.s_score) AS min_score,
    AVG(sc.s_score) AS avg_score,
    SUM(sc.s_score >= 60) / COUNT(sc.s_id) AS pass_rate,
    SUM(sc.s_score BETWEEN 70 AND 80) / COUNT(sc.s_id) AS middle_rate,
    SUM(sc.s_score BETWEEN 80 AND 90) / COUNT(sc.s_id) AS good_rate,
    SUM(sc.s_score >= 90) / COUNT(sc.s_id) AS excellent_rate
FROM Course AS c
LEFT JOIN Score AS sc ON c.c_id = sc.c_id
GROUP BY c.c_id, c.c_name;
```

20、查询学生的总成绩并进行排名
```sql
SELECT s.s_id, s.s_name, SUM(sc.s_score) AS total_score
FROM Student s
JOIN Score sc ON s.s_id = sc.s_id
GROUP BY s.s_id
ORDER BY total_score DESC;
```

21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示
```sql
SELECT t.t_id, t.t_name, c.c_name, AVG(sc.s_score) AS avg_score
FROM Teacher t
JOIN Course c ON t.t_id = c.t_id
JOIN Score sc ON c.c_id = sc.c_id
GROUP BY c.c_id
ORDER BY avg_score DESC;
```


23、统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[0-60]及所占百分比
```sql
SELECT 
    c.c_id,
    c.c_name,
    SUM(CASE WHEN sc.s_score BETWEEN 85 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS `[100-85]`,
    SUM(CASE WHEN sc.s_score BETWEEN 70 AND 84 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS `[85-70]`,
    SUM(CASE WHEN sc.s_score BETWEEN 60 AND 69 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS `[70-60]`,
    SUM(CASE WHEN sc.s_score < 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS `[0-60]`
FROM Course c
JOIN Score sc ON c.c_id = sc.c_id
GROUP BY c.c_id;
```
备注: 如果你需要百分比，你可能需要对每个分数段的人数除以总人数进行计算。

24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次
```sql
SELECT s.s_id, s.s_name, AVG(sc.s_score) AS avg_score
FROM Student s
JOIN Score sc ON s.s_id = sc.s_id
GROUP BY s.s_id
ORDER BY avg_score DESC;
```

19. 按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名
首先，需要注意在MySQL中使用变量来计算排名是一个常见的做法。对于每个课程，我们可以这样进行排序并给出排名：

```sql
SELECT 
    s_id,
    c_id,
    s_score,
    RANK() OVER (
        PARTITION BY c_id
        ORDER BY s_score DESC
    ) as score_rank
FROM 
    Score
ORDER BY
    c_id,
    s_score DESC;
```

22. 查询所有课程的成绩第2名到第3名的学生信息及该课程成绩
MySQL中没有内置的方法来直接选择一个范围内的排名，但我们可以通过上一步的查询结果再进行筛选，比如：

```sql
SELECT *
FROM (
    SELECT s_id,
           c_id,
           s_score,
           @rank := IF(@prev_c_id = c_id, @rank + 1, 1) AS `rank`,
           @prev_c_id := c_id
    FROM Score,
         (SELECT @rank := 0, @prev_c_id := '') AS vars
    ORDER BY c_id, s_score DESC
) ranked_scores
WHERE `rank` BETWEEN 2 AND 3;
```

24.1 添加名次rank，（相同分数的相同名次，并列排名）

```sql
SELECT s_id,
       c_id,
       s_score,
       DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY c_id ORDER BY s_score DESC) AS `rank`
FROM Score;
```

25. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录
利用窗口函数的能力，我们可以很方便地实现这一点：

```sql
SELECT *
FROM (
    SELECT s_id,
           c_id,
           s_score,
           DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY c_id ORDER BY s_score DESC) AS `rank`
    FROM Score
) AS ranked_scores
WHERE `rank` <= 3;
```


26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数：
```sql
SELECT c_id, COUNT(DISTINCT s_id) as student_count
FROM Score
GROUP BY c_id;
```
解释：这条SQL语句统计每门课程(c_id)的选修学生数。使用`DISTINCT`确保每名学生只被计数一次。

27、查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名：
```sql
SELECT s.s_id, s.s_name
FROM Student AS s
JOIN (SELECT s_id FROM Score GROUP BY s_id HAVING COUNT(c_id) = 2) AS sc
ON s.s_id = sc.s_id;
```
解释：子查询首先从Score表中找出所有只选修了两门课程的学生，然后主查询通过连接操作与学生表Student进行合并，获取这些学生的学号(s_id)和姓名(s_name)。

28、查询男生、女生人数：
```sql
SELECT s_sex, COUNT(*) as count
FROM Student
GROUP BY s_sex;
```
解释：根据学生性别(s_sex)分组，并计算每组的学生数。

30、查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数：
```sql
SELECT s_name, s_sex, COUNT(*) as count
FROM Student
GROUP BY s_name, s_sex
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
```
解释：根据姓名(s_name)和性别(s_sex)分组，只选取那些在分组后数量大于1的记录，即有相同姓名和性别的学生。

33、查询平均成绩大于等于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩：
```sql
SELECT s.s_id, s.s_name, AVG(sc.s_score) as avg_score
FROM Student AS s
JOIN Score AS sc ON s.s_id = sc.s_id
GROUP BY s.s_id
HAVING AVG(sc.s_score) >= 85;
```
解释：连接Student表和Score表，计算每个学生的平均成绩，然后选择平均成绩大于等于85的记录。

35、查询所有学生的课程及分数情况：
```sql
SELECT s.s_id, s.s_name, c.c_name, sc.s_score
FROM Student AS s
JOIN Score AS sc ON s.s_id = sc.s_id
JOIN Course AS c ON sc.c_id = c.c_id;
```
解释：连接Student、Score和Course表，获取所有学生的课程名称和成绩。

36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数：
```sql
SELECT s.s_name, c.c_name, sc.s_score
FROM Student AS s
JOIN Score AS sc ON s.s_id = sc.s_id
JOIN Course AS c ON sc.c_id = c.c_id
WHERE sc.s_score > 70;
```
解释：连接Student、Score和Course表，并筛选出分数大于70分的记录。

37、查询不及格的学生id,姓名，及其课程名称，分数：
```sql
SELECT s.s_id, s.s_name, c.c_name, sc.s_score
FROM Student AS s
JOIN Score AS sc ON s.s_id = sc.s_id
JOIN Course AS c ON sc.c_id = c.c_id
WHERE sc.s_score < 60;
```
解释：连接Student、Score和Course表，筛选出成绩不及格（假设不及格分数线为60）的学生信息。

38、查询课程编号为01且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名：
```sql
SELECT s.s_id, s.s_name
FROM Student AS s
JOIN Score AS sc ON s.s_id = sc.s_id
WHERE sc.c_id = '01' AND sc.s_score >= 80;
```
解释：连接Student和Score表，筛选出选修了编号为'01'的课程且成绩不低于80分的学生信息。

39、求每门课程的学生人数
```sql
SELECT c_id, COUNT(DISTINCT s_id) AS student_count
FROM Score
GROUP BY c_id;
```

40、查询选修"张三"老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
```sql
SELECT s.s_id, s.s_name, sc.s_score
FROM Student s
JOIN Score sc ON s.s_id = sc.s_id
JOIN Course c ON sc.c_id = c.c_id
JOIN Teacher t ON c.t_id = t.t_id
WHERE t.t_name = '张三'
ORDER BY sc.s_score DESC
LIMIT 1;
```

41、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
```sql
SELECT s1.s_id, s1.c_id, s1.s_score
FROM Score s1
JOIN Score s2 ON s1.s_score = s2.s_score AND s1.c_id <> s2.c_id AND s1.s_id = s2.s_id;
```

42、查询每门功课成绩最好的前两名
```sql
SELECT *
FROM (
    SELECT s_id,
           c_id,
           s_score,
           DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY c_id ORDER BY s_score DESC) AS `rank`
    FROM Score
) AS ranked_scores
WHERE `rank` <= 2;
```

43、统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过5人的课程才统计）。要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列
```sql
SELECT c_id, COUNT(DISTINCT s_id) AS student_count
FROM Score
GROUP BY c_id
HAVING student_count > 5
ORDER BY student_count DESC, c_id ASC;
```

44、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
```sql
SELECT s_id
FROM Score
GROUP BY s_id
HAVING COUNT(c_id) >= 2;
```

45、查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
```sql
SELECT s.s_id, s.s_name
FROM Student s
JOIN Score sc ON s.s_id = sc.s_id
GROUP BY s.s_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT sc.c_id) = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Course);
```

46、查询各学生的年龄，按照(这个语句不完整，但假设是按照年龄升序排列)
```sql
SELECT s_id, s_name, TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR, STR_TO_DATE(s_birth, '%Y-%m-%d'), CURDATE()) AS age
FROM Student
ORDER BY age;
```