Linux系统使用Selenium调用Firefox浏览器遇到报错

一、报错 

InvalidArgumentException                  Traceback (most recent call last)

/tmp/ipykernel_8681/3420186475.py in <cell line: 2>()

      1 # 初始化 WebDriver 对象

----> 2 driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service, options=options)

/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py in __init__(self, options, service, keep_alive)

     69

     70         try:

---> 71             super().__init__(command_executor=executor, options=options)

     72         except Exception:

     73             self.quit()

/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py in __init__(self, command_executor, keep_alive, file_detector, options)

    210         self._authenticator_id = None

    211         self.start_client()

--> 212         self.start_session(capabilities)

    213

    214         self._websocket_connection = None

/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py in start_session(self, capabilities)

    297

    298         caps = _create_caps(capabilities)

--> 299         response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, caps)["value"]

    300         self.session_id = response.get("sessionId")

    301         self.caps = response.get("capabilities")

/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py in execute(self, driver_command, params)

    352         response = self.command_executor.execute(driver_command, params)

    353         if response:

--> 354             self.error_handler.check_response(response)

    355             response["value"] = self._unwrap_value(response.get("value", None))

    356             return response

/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py in check_response(self, response)

    227                 alert_text = value["alert"].get("text")

    228             raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace, alert_text)  # type: ignore[call-arg]  # mypy is not smart enough here

--> 229         raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)

InvalidArgumentException: Message: binary is not a Firefox executable

>>> driver = webdriver.Firefox()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_finder.py", line 67, in _binary_paths
    output = SeleniumManager().binary_paths(self._to_args())
  File "/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/selenium_manager.py", line 46, in binary_paths
    args = [str(self._get_binary())] + args
  File "/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/selenium_manager.py", line 91, in _get_binary
    raise WebDriverException(f"Unsupported platform/architecture combination: {sys.platform}/{arch}")
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Unsupported platform/architecture combination: linux/aarch64

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py", line 57, in __init__
    if finder.get_browser_path():
  File "/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_finder.py", line 47, in get_browser_path
    return self._binary_paths()["browser_path"]
  File "/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_finder.py", line 78, in _binary_paths
    raise NoSuchDriverException(msg) from err
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchDriverException: Message: Unable to obtain driver for firefox; For documentation on this error, please visit: https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/troubleshooting/errors/driver_location

大概率是geckodriver没装好，我就是没安装好，弄了好久，最后从官网下载了 geckodriver压缩包，把解压后的geckodriver放到/usr/bin路径下才解决

raceback(mostrecentcalllast): File "<stdin>",line 1,in <module> File "/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py"，line 7l,ininitsuper(),init (command executor=executor,options=options)File "/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py"，line 212，in initself.start session(capabilities)File "/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py",line 299,in start sessionresponse =self.execute(Command.NEW SESSION, caps)["value"]File "/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py"，line 354,in executeself.error handler.check response(response)File "/usr/local/miniconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py"line 229,in check response raise exception cass(message,screen,stacktrace)selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Process unexpectedly closed with status 1

这种也要检查自己指定的firefox和geckodriver是否正确

firefox可以直接在命令行中输入文件路径，如果浏览器正常打开那么路径没有问题，可能遇到权限不够的情况

如果遇到Permission denied，多半是权限不够

使用 ls -l /usr/lib/firefox(你的受限制文件路径) 命令，查看文件的权限

然后使用 chmod +x /usr/lib/firefox(你的受限制文件路径)  命令为用户添加执行权限

然后再输入firefox路径

查看自己firefox的位置

whereis firefox或者

which firefox 或者

sudo find / -type f -name 'firefox'查找所有可能的位置

二、兼容情况

还有可能有兼容情况的问题

下面的表官网上给出的是geckodriver,Selenium和Firefox的版本支持情况

geckodriver	Selenium	Firefox
		min	max
0.34.0	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	115 ESR	n/a
0.33.0	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	102 ESR	120
0.32.2	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	102 ESR	120
0.32.1	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	102 ESR	120
0.32.0	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	102 ESR	120
0.31.0	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	91 ESR	120
0.30.0	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	78 ESR	90
0.29.1	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	60	90
0.29.0	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	60	90
0.28.0	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	60	90
0.27.0	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	60	90
0.26.0	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	60	90
0.25.0	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	57	90
0.24.0	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	57	79
0.23.0	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	57	79
0.22.0	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	57	79
0.21.0	≥ 3.11 (3.14 Python)	57	79
0.20.1	≥ 3.5	55	62
0.20.0	≥ 3.5	55	62
0.19.1	≥ 3.5	55	62
0.19.0	≥ 3.5	55	62
0.18.0	≥ 3.4	53	62
0.17.0	≥ 3.4	52	62

查看自己的geckodriver，Selenium，Firefox，python版本

geckodriver完整地址 --version
firefox --version
python --version
pip show selenium

selenium版本不匹配需要使用pip/conda uninstallselenium卸载掉，然后重新pip install

geckodrive版本不匹配就删掉，去官网下载适合的版本

我使用的firefox是系统自带的

火狐浏览器驱动geckodriver的官方下载地址

Releases · mozilla/geckodriver (github.com)

因为我用的是Linux系统，所以我下载的压缩包是

geckodriver-v0.34.0-linux-aarch64.tar.gz

解压两次之后就是我们需要的geckodriver文件，然后把他放再系统的/usr/bin目录下，同一路径中还有firefox的链接，原始firefox的链接可能连接着firefox.sh

可以用指令rm -rf /usr/bin/firefox删除原始链接，然后ln -s /usr/lib/firefox/firefox /usr/bin/firefox
创建新命令

三、代码

使用Selenium和指定的firefox和geckodriver调用浏览器，python代码:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service

# 设置 Firefox 可执行文件的路径
firefox_path = '/path/to/your/firefox'

# 设置 GeckoDriver 的路径
geckodriver_path = '/path/to/your/geckodriver'

# 创建 Firefox 选项对象，并指定浏览器路径
options = Options()
options.binary_location = firefox_path  # 使用 binary_location 指定 Firefox 路径
service = Service(executable_path=geckodriver_path)

# 创建 GeckoDriver 服务对象，并指定驱动路径
driver = webdriver.Firefox(service=service, options=options)
# 打开百度首页测试是否正常
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")

参考

Linux配置Python+Selenium+Firefox_python的火狐浏览器驱动selenium linux 有图形化界面-CSDN博客