MongoDB安装+基础使用

本文并非原创，觉得写得很好，于是整理发布。内容比较基础，希望可以照亮mongodb初学者的路

1.下载解压

# 1、下载
wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-4.0.9.tgz

# 2、解压
tar -zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-4.0.9.tgz

# 3、改名，放到目录：/usr/local
mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-4.0.9 /usr/local/mongodb

# 4、新建必要的文件夹（依次是：数据库 日志 配置文件）
cd /usr/local/mongodb
mkdir data log etc

# 5、添加系统路径
vim /etc/profile

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mongodb/bin

# 6、配置生效
source /etc/profile

# 7、查看是否添加
echo $PATH

# 或者做软链
ln -s /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo /usr/bin/mongo

2.配置文件

vim etc/mongodb.conf

# db存放的目录
dbpath=/usr/local/mongodb/data

# 后台启动需要配置日志输出
logpath=/usr/local/mongodb/log/mongodb.log

# 端口
port=27017
bind_ip = 127.0.0.1

# 设置成后台启动
fork=true
journal=false

3.服务启动/停止

# 启动服务
mongod --config /usr/local/mongodb/etc/mongodb.conf

# 关闭服务
mongod --config /usr/local/mongodb/etc/mongodb.conf --shutdown

# 或者
killall mongod

4.外网访问

vim etc/mongodb.conf

bind_ip = 0.0.0.0

5.添加用户

创建用户

# 本地连接
$ mongo

# 添加用户
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.createUser({user: "admin",pwd: "123456",roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ]});

# 添加超级用户
> db.createUser({user: "root",pwd: "123456",roles: [ { role: "root", db: "admin" } ]});

# 查看已有用户
> show users

# 删除单个用户
> db.system.users.remove({user:"XXXXXX"})

# 关闭服务
> db.shutdownServer()

vim etc/mongodb.conf

# etc/mongodb.conf

# 登录验证
auth=true



#或者  ：不同版本可能配置不一样
mongod -v
db version v4.0.26

# etc/mongodb.conf
# 登录验证
security:
    authorization: enabled

验证登录

# 本地连接 - 连接时验证
$ mongo -u username -p password

# 远程连接 - 连接时验证
$ mongo 127.0.0.1/admin -u username -p password

# 远程连接 - 连接后验证
$ mongo 127.0.0.1/admin

> use admin
switched to db admin

> db.auth("username", "password")
1

# 修改密码
use admin
db.changeUserPassword('用户','密码')

6.设置开机启动

vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mongod

start() {  
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod --config /usr/local/mongodb/etc/mongodb.conf
}  
  
stop() {  
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod --config /usr/local/mongodb/etc/mongodb.conf --shutdown
}  
case "$1" in  
  start)  
 start  
 ;;  
  
stop)  
 stop  
 ;;  
  
restart)  
 stop  
 start  
 ;;  
  *)  
 echo  
$"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"  
 exit 1  
esac

启动与关闭

# 更改权限
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mongod

# 启动服务
service mongod start

# 关闭服务
service mongod stop

集群部署

[]

基础使用

1.创建一个集合

创建一个标准集合，和创建一个自定义集合

> use mydb
switched to db mydb
> db.createCollection("test")
{ "ok" : 1 }
> db.createCollection("myTbl", { capped : true, autoIndexId : true, size:6142800, max : 10000 })
{
	"note" : "The autoIndexId option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release",
	"ok" : 1
}

2.查看集合

> show collections
myTable
myTbl

3.删除集合

#如果成功删除选定集合，则 drop() 方法返回 true，否则返回 false。
> db.myTbl.drop()
true

文档(内容)操作

1.文档的介绍

案例

-- myTable中添加1个文档
> db.myTable.insert({"id":1,"name":"goudan", "address":"beijing"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

-- myTable中添加1个文档
> db.myTable.insertOne({"id":2,"name":"mz", "address":"beijing"})
{
	"acknowledged" : true,
	"insertedId" : ObjectId("62a46e194c256eb2b320f209")
}

-- myTable中添加2个文档
> db.myTable.insertMany([{"id":3,"name":"shanjige", "address":"beijing"},{"id":4,"name":"haonan", "address":"jianshazui"}])
{
	"acknowledged" : true,
	"insertedIds" : [
		ObjectId("62a46e644c256eb2b320f20a"),
		ObjectId("62a46e644c256eb2b320f20b")
	]
}

-- myTable中添加1个文档
> db.myTable.save({"id":5,"name":"renzha", "address":"tangshan"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.myTable.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62a46dee4c256eb2b320f208"), "id" : 1, "name" : "goudan", "address" : "beijing" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62a46e194c256eb2b320f209"), "id" : 2, "name" : "mz", "address" : "beijing" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62a46e644c256eb2b320f20a"), "id" : 3, "name" : "shanjige", "address" : "beijing" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62a46e644c256eb2b320f20b"), "id" : 4, "name" : "haonan", "address" : "jianshazui" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62a46eae4c256eb2b320f20c"), "id" : 5, "name" : "renzha", "address" : "tangshan" }

4.MongoDB更新操作