获取当前进程的可执行文件的绝对路径

windows下可以使用GetModuleFileNameA()函数获取绝对路径，不过文件路径中的反斜杠需要进行替换。

linux系统中有个符号链接：/proc/self/exe 它代表当前程序，所以可以用readlink读取它的源路径就可以获取当前程序的绝对路径。
readlink的man注释
Prolog
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer’s Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

Name
readlink - read the contents of a symbolic link

Synopsis

#include <unistd.h>
ssize_t readlink(const char *restrict path, char *restrict buf, size_t bufsize);

Description
The readlink() function shall place the contents of the symbolic link referred to by path in the buffer buf which has size bufsize. If the number of bytes in the symbolic link is less than bufsize, the contents of the remainder of buf are unspecified. If the buf argument is not large enough to contain the link content, the first bufsize bytes shall be placed in buf.
If the value of bufsize is greater than {SSIZE_MAX}, the result is implementation-defined.

Return Value
Upon successful completion, readlink() shall return the count of bytes placed in the buffer. Otherwise, it shall return a value of -1, leave the buffer unchanged, and set errno to indicate the error.

Errors
The readlink() function shall fail if:
EACCES Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix of path. EINVAL The path argument names a file that is not a symbolic link. EIO An I/O error occurred while reading from the file system. ELOOP A loop exists in symbolic links encountered during resolution of the path argument. ENAMETOOLONG The length of the path argument exceeds {PATH_MAX} or a pathname component is longer than {NAME_MAX}. ENOENT A component of path does not name an existing file or path is an empty string. ENOTDIR A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
The readlink() function may fail if:
EACCES Read permission is denied for the directory. ELOOP More than {SYMLOOP_MAX} symbolic links were encountered during resolution of the path argument. ENAMETOOLONG As a result of encountering a symbolic link in resolution of the path argument, the length of the substituted pathname string exceeded {PATH_MAX}.
The following sections are informative.

示例代码：

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc , char* argv[])
{
    char buf[1024] = { 0 };
    int n;

    n = (int)readlink("/proc/self/exe" , buf , sizeof(buf) - 1);
    if(n < 0)
    {
        printf("error: %d",n);
    }
    buf[n]='\0';
    return 0;
}