【JavaWeb】-ServetContext对象_java new context撖寡情-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mysmnyc/article/details/107418369

ServletContext对象

ServletContext

Web容器在启动时，会为每一个Web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象。它是一个全局的储存信息的空间，服务器开始，其就存在，服务器关闭，其才释放。
为了节省空间，提高效率，ServletContext中，要放必须的、重要的、所有用户需要共享的线程又是安全的一些信息。

举例：
如，做一个购物类的网站，要从数据库中提取物品信息，如果用session保存这些物品信息，每个用户都访问一便数据库，效率就太低了；所以要用来Servlet上下文来保存，在服务器开始时，就访问数据库，将物品信息存入Servlet上下文中，这样，每个用户只用从上下文中读入物品信息就行了。
本文Web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">
    <context-param>
        <param-name>database</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.li.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getcontext</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.li.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getcontext</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getdata</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.li.servlet.ServletDemo</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getdata</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getdata</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ReqDispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.li.servlet.ReqDispatcher</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ReqDispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/Req</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>prop</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.li.servlet.PropertiesServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>prop</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/prop</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

ServletContext主要功能如下：

1. 共享信息–setAttribute

HelloServlet.java //存在servletContext中存放数据

package com.li.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("qrxssbssss");
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String name = "LiM";
        context.setAttribute("name",name);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

GetServlet.java //从ServletContext中获取数据

package com.li.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String name = (String)context.getAttribute("name");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().println("name: :"+name);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

2. 获取初始化参数–context.getInitParameter

ServletDemo.java中通过ServletContext获取

package com.li.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String s = context.getInitParameter("database");
        resp.getWriter().println(s);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

3. 请求转发–context.getRequestDispatcher

ReqDispatcher.java中，访问该类转发至/getData页面

package com.li.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ReqDispatcher extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        context.getRequestDispatcher("/getdata").forward(req,resp);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

4. 读取资源文件–properties

使用maven打包项目时，properties文件总会被打包至classes文件夹下。可通过此读取资源文件内容。

package com.li.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class PropertiesServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream asStream = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");

        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(asStream);
        String username = properties.getProperty("username");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");

        resp.getWriter().print(username+"  "+password);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }