一、SpringMVC简介
Spring MVC属于SpringFrameWork的后续产品,已经融合在Spring Web Flow里面。Spring 框架提供了构建 Web 应用程序的全功能 MVC 模块。使用 Spring 可插入的 MVC 架构,从而在使用Spring进行WEB开发时,可以选择使用Spring的Spring MVC框架或集成其他MVC开发框架。
二、第一个SpringMVC程序
1.导入SpringMVC依赖包
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.li</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringMVCDemo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<!--SpringMVC依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.添加web框架支持
3.配置springmvc.xml
resources下新建springmvc.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 1.扫描Controller的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.li.controller"/>
<!-- 2.配置视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 2.1 页面前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
<!-- 2.2 页面后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<bean id="/hello.do" class="com.li.controller.HelloController"/>
<!-- 3.开启mvc注解驱动-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
4. 配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<!-- 配置核心控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- springmvc配置文件加载路径
1)默认情况下,读取WEB-INF下面的文件
2)可以改为加载类路径下(resources目录),加上classpath:
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--
DispatcherServlet对象创建时间问题
1)默认情况下,第一次访问该Servlet的创建对象,意味着在这个时间才去加载springMVC.xml
2)可以改变为在项目启动时候就创建该Servlet,提高用户访问体验。
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
数值越大,对象创建优先级越低! (数值越低,越先创建)
-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
5.编写页面
success.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>提示页面</title>
</head>
<body>
${hello}
</body>
</html>
6.编写controller
package com.li.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
public class HelloController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("hello", "hello spring web mvc");
mv.setViewName("pages/success");
return mv;
}
}
注意事项
若lib不存在,需要自行添加