Centos系统安装Tomcat（Tomcat7,Java8-jdk1.8）

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-01 16:32:27 发布

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分类专栏：开发运维工具文章标签：安装Tomcat7 Tomcat启动很慢问题 Centos7安装软件 centos安装tomcat7 部署多个tomcat7 Powered by 金山文档

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以前经常使用java8 也就是java jdk1.8 和tomcat7开发web系统，怀旧记录一下在centos7系统里安装部署tomcat7，同时部署多个tomcat7的方法，解决tomcat7在centos7系统启动很慢的问题

apache tomcat7远离了，在tomcat官网上已经看不到tomcat7的身影了，我自己也早已不再用tomcat7，在整理曾经的保存的博客和项目时，简单记录一下tomcat7的安装使用过程，将来或许用不到了，或许遇到老项目时还是会用到，因此怀念记录一下tomcat7的安装和配置

首先在官网上找到老版本

https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/

下载后上传到centos7服务器的/home目录下面

解压

tar -xvzf apache-tomcat-7.0.81.tar.gz

修改名称

mv apache-tomcat-7.0.81 tomcat7

启动之前确定当前系统有没有java环境（java8 jdk1.8）

[root@myw home]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_144"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_144-b01)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.144-b01, mixed mode)
[root@myw home]#

启动并确认是否启动成功

[root@myw home]# cd tomcat7/bin
[root@myw bin]# ls
bootstrap.jar  catalina.sh         commons-daemon.jar            configtest.bat  daemon.sh   digest.sh         setclasspath.sh  shutdown.sh  startup.sh       tomcat-native.tar.gz  tool-wrapper.sh  version.sh
catalina.bat   catalina-tasks.xml  commons-daemon-native.tar.gz  configtest.sh   digest.bat  setclasspath.bat  shutdown.bat     startup.bat  tomcat-juli.jar  tool-wrapper.bat      version.bat
[root@myw bin]# ./startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /home/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /home/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /home/tomcat7/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk18
Using CLASSPATH:       /home/tomcat7/bin/bootstrap.jar:/home/tomcat7/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@myw bin]# netstat -lnp|grep java
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      27905/java          
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8005          :::*                    LISTEN      27905/java          
tcp6       0      0 :::8009                 :::*                    LISTEN      27905/java          
[root@myw bin]#

访问浏览器的8080端口(默认端口)，保证服务器8080端口可访问(系统防火墙和云商安全组配置)

关闭停止

[root@myw bin]# ./shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /home/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /home/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /home/tomcat7/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk18
Using CLASSPATH:       /home/tomcat7/bin/bootstrap.jar:/home/tomcat7/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@myw bin]#

查看控制台输出

在tomcat7/logs里

tail -200f catalina.out

[root@myw bin]# cd ..
[root@myw tomcat7]# ls
bin  conf  lib  LICENSE  logs  NOTICE  RELEASE-NOTES  RUNNING.txt  temp  webapps  work
[root@myw tomcat7]# cd logs
[root@myw logs]# ls
catalina.2023-01-29.log  catalina.out  host-manager.2023-01-29.log  localhost.2023-01-29.log  localhost_access_log.2023-01-29.txt  manager.2023-01-29.log
[root@jpmlg4syqgfe22ch logs]# tail -200f catalina.out
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Server version:        Apache Tomcat/7.0.81
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Server built:          Aug 11 2017 10:21:27 UTC
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Server number:         7.0.81.0
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: OS Name:               Linux
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: OS Version:            3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Architecture:          amd64
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Java Home:             /usr/local/jdk18/jre
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: JVM Version:           1.8.0_144-b01
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: JVM Vendor:            Oracle Corporation
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: CATALINA_BASE:         /home/tomcat7
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: CATALINA_HOME:         /home/tomcat7
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/home/tomcat7/conf/logging.properties
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/home/tomcat7/endorsed
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/home/tomcat7
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/home/tomcat7
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener log
INFO: Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/home/tomcat7/temp
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener lifecycleEvent
INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: /usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
INFO: Initialization processed in 471 ms
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Catalina
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.81
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/tomcat7/webapps/docs
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deployment of web application directory /home/tomcat7/webapps/docs has finished in 258 ms
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/tomcat7/webapps/host-manager
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deployment of web application directory /home/tomcat7/webapps/host-manager has finished in 74 ms
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/tomcat7/webapps/manager
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deployment of web application directory /home/tomcat7/webapps/manager has finished in 64 ms
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/tomcat7/webapps/ROOT
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deployment of web application directory /home/tomcat7/webapps/ROOT has finished in 46 ms
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:22 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/tomcat7/webapps/examples
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:23 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deployment of web application directory /home/tomcat7/webapps/examples has finished in 139 ms
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:23 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:23 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
Jan 29, 2023 5:37:23 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
INFO: Server startup in 623 ms

部署多个tomcat7 重新解压并且修改为tomcat7-2

两个tomcat同时是无法启动的

<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />

</Server>

这个是tomcat7conf文件夹下server.xml的配置

tomcat7-2 的改动 8005 改成 8006

8080改成8081

8009改成8010

改的端口可以随意，根据实际需要

启动后

[root@myw ~]# netstat -lnp|grep java
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      31034/java          
tcp6       0      0 :::8081                 :::*                    LISTEN      31104/java          
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8005          :::*                    LISTEN      31034/java          
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8006          :::*                    LISTEN      31104/java          
tcp6       0      0 :::8009                 :::*                    LISTEN      31034/java          
tcp6       0      0 :::8010                 :::*                    LISTEN      31104/java          
[root@myw ~]#

可以看到2个tomcat7都启动了，各自占用三个端口

但是有些时候在centos7.x下面发现tomcat7启动很慢（有时候等好几分钟），特别是多个tomcat7启动的情况,这里官方和很多博文都有一些说明，说java.security.SecureRandom类要调用还是啥在是在linux（Centos）上，/dev/random和/dev/urandom啥原因，办法是修改一个东西就可以启动很快

在$JAVA_PATH/jre/lib/security/java.security目录下的这个文件改东西

打开这个文件后可以看到有一行配置是这样的

securerandom.source=file:/dev/random

#
# Sun Provider SecureRandom seed source.
#
# Select the primary source of seed data for the "SHA1PRNG" and
# "NativePRNG" SecureRandom implementations in the "Sun" provider.
# (Other SecureRandom implementations might also use this property.)
#
# On Unix-like systems (for example, Solaris/Linux/MacOS), the
# "NativePRNG" and "SHA1PRNG" implementations obtains seed data from
# special device files such as file:/dev/random.
#
# On Windows systems, specifying the URLs "file:/dev/random" or
# "file:/dev/urandom" will enable the native Microsoft CryptoAPI seeding
# mechanism for SHA1PRNG.
#
# By default, an attempt is made to use the entropy gathering device
# specified by the "securerandom.source" Security property.  If an
# exception occurs while accessing the specified URL:
#
#     SHA1PRNG:
#         the traditional system/thread activity algorithm will be used.
#
#     NativePRNG:
#         a default value of /dev/random will be used.  If neither
#         are available, the implementation will be disabled.
#         "file" is the only currently supported protocol type.
#
# The entropy gathering device can also be specified with the System
# property "java.security.egd". For example:
#
#   % java -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/random MainClass
#
# Specifying this System property will override the
# "securerandom.source" Security property.
#
# In addition, if "file:/dev/random" or "file:/dev/urandom" is
# specified, the "NativePRNG" implementation will be more preferred than
# SHA1PRNG in the Sun provider.
#
securerandom.source=file:/dev/random

注释掉修改成

#securerandom.source=file:/dev/random
securerandom.source=file:/dev/./urandom

这样，tomcat7和tomcat7-2就能快速地启动了（当然，有时候tomcat7不会存在启动慢的问题）

现在启动两个tomcat7只需要端口修改后，就各自是各自的，但是以前曾经记得部署两个tomcat7的时候，jdk有一个path配置

CATALINA_HOME

CATALINA_BASE

这个第一个tomcat7可以默认(一般也配置了的)

1.首先在/etc/profile里和java jdk配置放一起，配置后source /etc/profile指令

export CATALINA_HOME=/home/tomcat7
export CATALINA_BASE=/home/tomcat7

export CATALINA2_HOME=/home/tomcat7-2
export CATALINA2_BASE=/home/tomcat7-2

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk18
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

2.tomcat7和tomcat7-2的bin目录下的catalina.sh文件开头处各自增加配置信息

export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_BASE
export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME

export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA2_BASE
export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA2_HOME

两个都配置好后可以关停重启后测试

tomcat配置ssl方式(阿里申请免费也有详细部署方式) 80端口重定向到443端口

    -->
    <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="443" />
 
    
    <Connector port="443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"
               keystoreFile="/home/tomcat7/conf/xxx-xxxxxxx-com-tomcat-345456.jks"  
               keystorePass="12345678" />

这个.jks的文件要放在conf同级目录下面

tomcat7的默认编码是ISO-8859-1，习惯性使用UTF-8，那么修改一下配置

URIEncoding="UTF-8"

    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8"/>

当然还有一些其他配置，例如最大线程数，默认不配置大概是200 需要的可以配置maxThreads="1000"，还有一些其他的配置，需要去官网看Connector节点的配置，一般默认已经能够满足需求了

一般tomcat7在centos7.x系统下要配置开机启动，防止系统出现问题重启后tomcat7没启动的情况

首先需要配置java jdk的路径，在tomcat7和tomcat7-2的bin目录下catalina.sh里配置

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk18
export JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jdk18/jre

tomcat7/bin/catalina.sh

tomcat7-2/bin/catalina.sh

这里是配置了2个tomcat的，那么需要创建两个tomcat的服务

tomcat7的tomcat7.service

[Unit]
Description=tomcat7 web server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/home/tomcat7/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/home/tomcat7/bin/shutdown.sh
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

tomcat7-2的tomcat7-2.service

[Unit]
Description=tomcat7-2 web server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/home/tomcat7-2/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/home/tomcat7-2/bin/shutdown.sh
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

将tomcat7.service和tomcat7-2.service放在/usr/lib/systemd/system/下面

 
// service文件有新加和更改都需要重新加载
systemctl daemon-reload
 
// 启动
systemctl start tomcat7.service
systemctl start tomcat7-2.service 

// 停止
systemctl stop tomcat7.service
systemctl stop tomcat7-2.service
 
// 查看启动状态
systemctl status tomcat7.service
systemctl status tomcat7-2.service 
 
// 加入开机启动
systemctl enable tomcat7.service
systemctl enable tomcat7-2.service 
// 取消开机启动
systemctl disable tomcat7.service
systemctl disable tomcat7-2.service

[root@myw ~]# systemctl enable tomcat7.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/tomcat7.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat7.service.
[root@myw ~]# systemctl enable tomcat7-2.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/tomcat7-2.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat7-2.service.
[root@myw ~]# systemctl start tomcat7.service
[root@myw ~]# systemctl start tomcat7-2.service
[root@myw ~]# netstat -lnp|grep java
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      2133/java           
tcp6       0      0 :::8081                 :::*                    LISTEN      2187/java           
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8005          :::*                    LISTEN      2133/java           
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8006          :::*                    LISTEN      2187/java           
tcp6       0      0 :::8009                 :::*                    LISTEN      2133/java           
tcp6       0      0 :::8010                 :::*                    LISTEN      2187/java           
[root@myw ~]# systemctl status tomcat7.service
?.tomcat7.service - tomcat7 web server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat7.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-01-31 09:52:20 CST; 31s ago
  Process: 2125 ExecStart=/home/tomcat7/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2133 (java)
   CGroup: /system.slice/tomcat7.service
           ?..2133 /usr/local/jdk18/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/home/tomcat7/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djav...

Jan 31 09:52:20 myw systemd[1]: Starting tomcat7 web server...
Jan 31 09:52:20 myw startup.sh[2125]: Tomcat started.
Jan 31 09:52:20 myw systemd[1]: Started tomcat7 web server.
[root@myw ~]# systemctl stop tomcat7.service
[root@myw ~]# systemctl stop tomcat7-2.service
[root@myw ~]# netstat -lnp|grep java
[root@myw ~]#

如此在centos下安装的两个tomcat7都可以实现开机启动了