AVR-GCC Makefile文件

 #  这是一个Makefile
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 作者：刘光
# 学校：南开大学
#日期：2010. 5.25
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 可执行的make命令
# make all = Make software.
# 编译文件
# make clean = Clean out built project files.
#清除目标文件
# make coff = Convert ELF to AVR COFF.
#转换ELF文件为AVR COFF
# make extcoff = Convert ELF to AVR Extended COFF.
#转换ELF文件为AVR 扩展COFF
# make program = Download the hex file to the device, using avrdude.
# 下载intel hex文件到AVR单片机
# make debug = Start either simulavr or avarice as specified for debugging,
#              with avr-gdb or avr-insight as the front end for debugging.
#开始debug调试
# make filename.s = Just compile filename.c into the assembler code only.
#编译*.c文件到汇编文件
# make filename.i = Create a preprocessed source file for use in submitting
#                   bug reports to the GCC project.
#编译产生一个预编译文件
# To rebuild project do "make clean" then "make all".
# rebuild工程，需要首先执行“make clean”，然后执行“make all”

#----------------------------------------------------------------------------

# MCU name

# 选择嵌入式AVR单片机型号
MCU = atmega128

# Processor frequency.

#设置嵌入式AVR单片机工作频率
#     This will define a symbol, F_CPU, in all source code files equal to the
#     processor frequency. You can then use this symbol in your source code to
#     calculate timings. Do NOT tack on a 'UL' at the end, this will be done
#     automatically to create a 32-bit value in your source code.
#     Typical values are:
#         F_CPU =  1000000
#         F_CPU =  1843200
#         F_CPU =  2000000
#         F_CPU =  3686400
#         F_CPU =  4000000
#         F_CPU =  7372800
#         F_CPU =  8000000
#         F_CPU = 11059200
#         F_CPU = 14745600
#         F_CPU = 16000000
#         F_CPU = 18432000
#         F_CPU = 20000000
F_CPU = 7372800

# Output format. (can be srec, ihex, binary)

#设置目标文件输出格式可以为srec，ihex，binary
FORMAT = ihex

# Target file name (without extension).

#目标文件名

TARGET = main

# Object files directory
#目标文件目录
#     To put object files in current directory, use a dot (.), do NOT make
#     this an empty or blank macro!
OBJDIR = .

# List C source files here. (C dependencies are automatically generated.) 

#列出所有*.c文件
SRC = $(TARGET).c
SRC += radiocontrol.c
SRC += led.c
SRC += fun.c
SRC += physical.c
SRC += cc1000.c

# List C++ source files here. (C dependencies are automatically generated.)

#列出所有*.cpp文件
CPPSRC =

# List Assembler source files here.

#列出所有*.c文件
#     Make them always end in a capital .S.  Files ending in a lowercase .s
#     will not be considered source files but generated files (assembler
#     output from the compiler), and will be deleted upon "make clean"!
#     Even though the DOS/Win* filesystem matches both .s and .S the same,
#     it will preserve the spelling of the filenames, and gcc itself does
#     care about how the name is spelled on its command-line.
ASRC =

# Optimization level, can be [0, 1, 2, 3, s].

#     设置编译优化级别，优化级别可以为0，1，2，3，s
#     0 = turn off optimization. s = optimize for size.
#     (Note: 3 is not always the best optimization level. See avr-libc FAQ.)
OPT = s

# Debugging format.

#  设置debug模式
#     Native formats for AVR-GCC's -g are dwarf-2 [default] or stabs.
#     AVR Studio 4.10 requires dwarf-2.
#     AVR [Extended] COFF format requires stabs, plus an avr-objcopy run.
DEBUG = dwarf-2

# List any extra directories to look for include files here.

#  列出所有可供查找的头文件目录
#     Each directory must be seperated by a space.
#     Use forward slashes for directory separators.
#     For a directory that has spaces, enclose it in quotes.
EXTRAINCDIRS =

# Compiler flag to set the C Standard level.

#  设置c语言标准
#     c89   = "ANSI" C
#     gnu89 = c89 plus GCC extensions
#     c99   = ISO C99 standard (not yet fully implemented)
#     gnu99 = c99 plus GCC extensions
CSTANDARD = -std=gnu99

# Place -D or -U options here for C sources

#为*.c语言添加-D或者-U选项
CDEFS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU)UL

# Place -D or -U options here for ASM sources

#为*.s语言添加-D或者-U选项
ADEFS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU)

# Place -D or -U options here for C++ sources

#为*.cpp语言添加-D或者-U选项
CPPDEFS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU)UL
#CPPDEFS += -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
#CPPDEFS += -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS

 

#---------------- Compiler Options C ----------------

#    C语言编译选项
#  -g*:          generate debugging information

#    产生debug信息
#  -O*:          optimization level

#    设置优化级别
#  -f...:        tuning, see GCC manual and avr-libc documentation
#  -Wall...:     warning level
#  -Wa,...:      tell GCC to pass this to the assembler.
#    -adhlns...: create assembler listing
CFLAGS = -g$(DEBUG)
CFLAGS += $(CDEFS)
CFLAGS += -O$(OPT)
CFLAGS += -funsigned-char
CFLAGS += -funsigned-bitfields
CFLAGS += -fpack-struct
CFLAGS += -fshort-enums
CFLAGS += -Wall
CFLAGS += -Wstrict-prototypes
#CFLAGS += -mshort-calls
#CFLAGS += -fno-unit-at-a-time
#CFLAGS += -Wundef
#CFLAGS += -Wunreachable-code
#CFLAGS += -Wsign-compare
CFLAGS += -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:%.c=$(OBJDIR)/%.lst)
CFLAGS += $(patsubst %,-I%,$(EXTRAINCDIRS))
CFLAGS += $(CSTANDARD)

#---------------- Compiler Options C++ ----------------

#    c++ 语言编译选项
#  -g*:          generate debugging information
#  -O*:          optimization level
#  -f...:        tuning, see GCC manual and avr-libc documentation
#  -Wall...:     warning level
#  -Wa,...:      tell GCC to pass this to the assembler.
#    -adhlns...: create assembler listing
CPPFLAGS = -g$(DEBUG)
CPPFLAGS += $(CPPDEFS)
CPPFLAGS += -O$(OPT)
CPPFLAGS += -funsigned-char
CPPFLAGS += -funsigned-bitfields
CPPFLAGS += -fpack-struct
CPPFLAGS += -fshort-enums
CPPFLAGS += -fno-exceptions
CPPFLAGS += -Wall
CPPFLAGS += -Wundef
#CPPFLAGS += -mshort-calls
#CPPFLAGS += -fno-unit-at-a-time
#CPPFLAGS += -Wstrict-prototypes
#CPPFLAGS += -Wunreachable-code
#CPPFLAGS += -Wsign-compare
CPPFLAGS += -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:%.cpp=$(OBJDIR)/%.lst)
CPPFLAGS += $(patsubst %,-I%,$(EXTRAINCDIRS))
#CPPFLAGS += $(CSTANDARD)

#---------------- Assembler Options ----------------

#   汇编语言编译选项
#  -Wa,...:   tell GCC to pass this to the assembler.
#  -adhlns:   create listing
#  -gstabs:   have the assembler create line number information; note that
#             for use in COFF files, additional information about filenames
#             and function names needs to be present in the assembler source
#             files -- see avr-libc docs [FIXME: not yet described there]
#  -listing-cont-lines: Sets the maximum number of continuation lines of hex
#       dump that will be displayed for a given single line of source input.
ASFLAGS = $(ADEFS) -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:%.S=$(OBJDIR)/%.lst),-gstabs,--listing-cont-lines=100

#---------------- Library Options ----------------

#   Lib选项
# Minimalistic printf version
PRINTF_LIB_MIN = -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min

# Floating point printf version (requires MATH_LIB = -lm below)
PRINTF_LIB_FLOAT = -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt

# If this is left blank, then it will use the Standard printf version.
PRINTF_LIB =
#PRINTF_LIB = $(PRINTF_LIB_MIN)
#PRINTF_LIB = $(PRINTF_LIB_FLOAT)

# Minimalistic scanf version
SCANF_LIB_MIN = -Wl,-u,vfscanf -lscanf_min

# Floating point + %[ scanf version (requires MATH_LIB = -lm below)
SCANF_LIB_FLOAT = -Wl,-u,vfscanf -lscanf_flt

# If this is left blank, then it will use the Standard scanf version.
SCANF_LIB =
#SCANF_LIB = $(SCANF_LIB_MIN)
#SCANF_LIB = $(SCANF_LIB_FLOAT)

MATH_LIB = -lm

# List any extra directories to look for libraries here.

#  用于查找lib库的索引路径
#     Each directory must be seperated by a space.
#     Use forward slashes for directory separators.
#     For a directory that has spaces, enclose it in quotes.
EXTRALIBDIRS =

 

#---------------- External Memory Options ----------------

# 扩展存储器选项

# 64 KB of external RAM, starting after internal RAM (ATmega128!),
# used for variables (.data/.bss) and heap (malloc()).
#EXTMEMOPTS = -Wl,-Tdata=0x801100,--defsym=__heap_end=0x80ffff

# 64 KB of external RAM, starting after internal RAM (ATmega128!),
# only used for heap (malloc()).
#EXTMEMOPTS = -Wl,--section-start,.data=0x801100,--defsym=__heap_end=0x80ffff

EXTMEMOPTS =

 

#---------------- Linker Options ----------------

#    链接选项
#  -Wl,...:     tell GCC to pass this to linker.
#    -Map:      create map file
#    --cref:    add cross reference to  map file
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map=$(TARGET).map,--cref
LDFLAGS += $(EXTMEMOPTS)
LDFLAGS += $(patsubst %,-L%,$(EXTRALIBDIRS))
LDFLAGS += $(PRINTF_LIB) $(SCANF_LIB) $(MATH_LIB)
#LDFLAGS += -T linker_script.x

 

#---------------- Programming Options (avrdude) ----------------

#   编程下载选项

# Programming hardware
# Type: avrdude -c ?
# to get a full listing.
#  编程器选项
AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = jtagmkII

# com1 = serial port. Use lpt1 to connect to parallel port.

# 编程端口
AVRDUDE_PORT = usb

AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U flash:w:$(TARGET).hex
#AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM = -U eeprom:w:$(TARGET).eep

# Uncomment the following if you want avrdude's erase cycle counter.

# AVR单片机目标，擦出选项
# Note that this counter needs to be initialized first using -Yn,
# see avrdude manual.
#AVRDUDE_ERASE_COUNTER = -y

# Uncomment the following if you do /not/ wish a verification to be
# performed after programming the device.

#AVR单片机目标，下载代码验证选项
#AVRDUDE_NO_VERIFY = -V

# Increase verbosity level.  Please use this when submitting bug
# reports about avrdude. See <http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/avrdude>
# to submit bug reports.
#AVRDUDE_VERBOSE = -v -v

AVRDUDE_FLAGS = -p $(MCU) -P $(AVRDUDE_PORT) -c $(AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER)
AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_NO_VERIFY)
AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_VERBOSE)
AVRDUDE_FLAGS += $(AVRDUDE_ERASE_COUNTER)

 

#---------------- Debugging Options ----------------

# debug 调试选项

# For simulavr only - target MCU frequency.

# simulavr 模拟主频选项
DEBUG_MFREQ = $(F_CPU)

# Set the DEBUG_UI to either gdb or insight.

# debug 仿真选项，可以为avr-gdb或者界面形式的avr-insight
DEBUG_UI = gdb
#DEBUG_UI = insight

# Set the debugging back-end to either avarice, simulavr.

# debug 仿真或者模拟选项
DEBUG_BACKEND = avarice
#DEBUG_BACKEND = simulavr

# GDB Init Filename.

#GDB 初始化文件名
GDBINIT_FILE = __avr_gdbinit

# When using avarice settings for the JTAG

# JTAG 端口
JTAG_DEV = usb

# Debugging port used to communicate between GDB / avarice / simulavr.

# debug过程中，soket通信端口设定默认为4242
DEBUG_PORT = 4242

# Debugging host used to communicate between GDB / avarice / simulavr, normally
#     just set to localhost unless doing some sort of crazy debugging when
#     avarice is running on a different computer.

# debug通信服务器
DEBUG_HOST = localhost

 

#============================================================================

# Define programs and commands.

#  命令定义
SHELL = sh
CC = avr-gcc
OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
SIZE = avr-size
AR = avr-ar rcs
NM = avr-nm
AVRDUDE = avrdude
REMOVE = rm -f
REMOVEDIR = rm -rf
COPY = cp
WINSHELL = cmd

# Define Messages

#   定义显示信息
# English
MSG_ERRORS_NONE = Errors: none
MSG_BEGIN = -------- begin --------
MSG_END = --------  end  --------
MSG_SIZE_BEFORE = Size before:
MSG_SIZE_AFTER = Size after:
MSG_COFF = Converting to AVR COFF:
MSG_EXTENDED_COFF = Converting to AVR Extended COFF:
MSG_FLASH = Creating load file for Flash:
MSG_EEPROM = Creating load file for EEPROM:
MSG_EXTENDED_LISTING = Creating Extended Listing:
MSG_SYMBOL_TABLE = Creating Symbol Table:
MSG_LINKING = Linking:
MSG_COMPILING = Compiling C:
MSG_COMPILING_CPP = Compiling C++:
MSG_ASSEMBLING = Assembling:
MSG_CLEANING = Cleaning project:
MSG_CREATING_LIBRARY = Creating library:

 

# Define all object files.

# 定义所有目标文件名
OBJ = $(SRC:%.c=$(OBJDIR)/%.o) $(CPPSRC:%.cpp=$(OBJDIR)/%.o) $(ASRC:%.S=$(OBJDIR)/%.o)

# Define all listing files.

# 定义所有list 文件名
LST = $(SRC:%.c=$(OBJDIR)/%.lst) $(CPPSRC:%.cpp=$(OBJDIR)/%.lst) $(ASRC:%.S=$(OBJDIR)/%.lst)

# Compiler flags to generate dependency files.

# 关联文件选项
GENDEPFLAGS = -MMD -MP -MF .dep/$(@F).d

# Combine all necessary flags and optional flags.
# Add target processor to flags.

# 加入其它必须编译选项，及cpu选项
ALL_CFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CFLAGS) $(GENDEPFLAGS)
ALL_CPPFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. -x c++ $(CPPFLAGS) $(GENDEPFLAGS)
ALL_ASFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. -x assembler-with-cpp $(ASFLAGS)

 

 

# Default target.

# 默认目标
all: begin gccversion sizebefore build sizeafter end

# Change the build target to build a HEX file or a library.

# 改变目标，产生一个hex文件
build: elf hex eep lss sym
#build: lib

elf: $(TARGET).elf
hex: $(TARGET).hex
eep: $(TARGET).eep
lss: $(TARGET).lss
sym: $(TARGET).sym
LIBNAME=lib$(TARGET).a
lib: $(LIBNAME)

 

# Eye candy.
# AVR Studio 3.x does not check make's exit code but relies on
# the following magic strings to be generated by the compile job.
begin:
 @echo
 @echo $(MSG_BEGIN)

end:
 @echo $(MSG_END)
 @echo

# Display size of file.

# 输出文件大小
HEXSIZE = $(SIZE) --target=$(FORMAT) $(TARGET).hex
ELFSIZE = $(SIZE) --mcu=$(MCU) --format=avr $(TARGET).elf

sizebefore:
 @if test -f $(TARGET).elf; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_BEFORE); $(ELFSIZE); \
 2>/dev/null; echo; fi

sizeafter:
 @if test -f $(TARGET).elf; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_AFTER); $(ELFSIZE); \
 2>/dev/null; echo; fi

 

# Display compiler version information.

# 输出编译器版本信息
gccversion :
 @$(CC) --version

 

# Program the device. 
program: $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).eep
 $(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_FLAGS) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM)

# Generate avr-gdb config/init file which does the following:
#     define the reset signal, load the target file, connect to target, and set
#     a breakpoint at main().

# 产生 avr-gdb config/init 文件
gdb-config:
 @$(REMOVE) $(GDBINIT_FILE)
 @echo define reset >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
 @echo SIGNAL SIGHUP >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
 @echo end >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
 @echo file $(TARGET).elf >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
 @echo target remote $(DEBUG_HOST):$(DEBUG_PORT)  >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
ifeq ($(DEBUG_BACKEND),simulavr)
 @echo load  >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)
endif
 @echo break main >> $(GDBINIT_FILE)

debug: gdb-config $(TARGET).elf
ifeq ($(DEBUG_BACKEND), avarice)
 @echo Starting AVaRICE - Press enter when "waiting to connect" message displays.
 @avarice  --mkII --jtag $(JTAG_DEV) --erase --program --file \
 $(TARGET).elf $(DEBUG_HOST):$(DEBUG_PORT)
 @read DUMMY

else
 @$(WINSHELL) /c start simulavr --gdbserver --device $(MCU) --clock-freq \
 $(DEBUG_MFREQ) --port $(DEBUG_PORT)
endif
 @$(WINSHELL) /c start avr-$(DEBUG_UI) --command=$(GDBINIT_FILE)

 

# Convert ELF to COFF for use in debugging / simulating in AVR Studio or VMLAB.
COFFCONVERT = $(OBJCOPY) --debugging
COFFCONVERT += --change-section-address .data-0x800000
COFFCONVERT += --change-section-address .bss-0x800000
COFFCONVERT += --change-section-address .noinit-0x800000
COFFCONVERT += --change-section-address .eeprom-0x810000

 

coff: $(TARGET).elf
 @echo
 @echo $(MSG_COFF) $(TARGET).cof
 $(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-avr $< $(TARGET).cof

extcoff: $(TARGET).elf
 @echo
 @echo $(MSG_EXTENDED_COFF) $(TARGET).cof
 $(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-ext-avr $< $(TARGET).cof

 

# Create final output files (.hex, .eep) from ELF output file.
%.hex: %.elf
 @echo
 @echo $(MSG_FLASH) $@
 $(OBJCOPY) -O $(FORMAT) -R .eeprom -R .fuse -R .lock $< $@

%.eep: %.elf
 @echo
 @echo $(MSG_EEPROM) $@
 -$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom="alloc,load" \
 --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 --no-change-warnings -O $(FORMAT) $< $@ || exit 0

# Create extended listing file from ELF output file.
%.lss: %.elf
 @echo
 @echo $(MSG_EXTENDED_LISTING) $@
 $(OBJDUMP) -h -S -z $< > $@

# Create a symbol table from ELF output file.
%.sym: %.elf
 @echo
 @echo $(MSG_SYMBOL_TABLE) $@
 $(NM) -n $< > $@

 

# Create library from object files.
.SECONDARY : $(TARGET).a
.PRECIOUS : $(OBJ)
%.a: $(OBJ)
 @echo
 @echo $(MSG_CREATING_LIBRARY) $@
 $(AR) $@ $(OBJ)

# Link: create ELF output file from object files.
.SECONDARY : $(TARGET).elf
.PRECIOUS : $(OBJ)
%.elf: $(OBJ)
 @echo
 @echo $(MSG_LINKING) $@
 $(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $^ --output $@ $(LDFLAGS)

# Compile: create object files from C source files.
$(OBJDIR)/%.o : %.c
 @echo
 @echo $(MSG_COMPILING) $<
 $(CC) -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@

# Compile: create object files from C++ source files.
$(OBJDIR)/%.o : %.cpp
 @echo
 @echo $(MSG_COMPILING_CPP) $<
 $(CC) -c $(ALL_CPPFLAGS) $< -o $@

# Compile: create assembler files from C source files.
%.s : %.c
 $(CC) -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@

# Compile: create assembler files from C++ source files.
%.s : %.cpp
 $(CC) -S $(ALL_CPPFLAGS) $< -o $@

# Assemble: create object files from assembler source files.
$(OBJDIR)/%.o : %.S
 @echo
 @echo $(MSG_ASSEMBLING) $<
 $(CC) -c $(ALL_ASFLAGS) $< -o $@

# Create preprocessed source for use in sending a bug report.
%.i : %.c
 $(CC) -E -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@

# Target: clean project.
clean: begin clean_list end

clean_list :
 @echo
 @echo $(MSG_CLEANING)
 $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).hex
 $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).eep
 $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).cof
 $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).elf
 $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).map
 $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).sym
 $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).lss
 $(REMOVE) $(SRC:%.c=$(OBJDIR)/%.o)
 $(REMOVE) $(SRC:%.c=$(OBJDIR)/%.lst)
 $(REMOVE) $(SRC:.c=.s)
 $(REMOVE) $(SRC:.c=.d)
 $(REMOVE) $(SRC:.c=.i)
 $(REMOVEDIR) .dep

# Create object files directory
$(shell mkdir $(OBJDIR) 2>/dev/null)

# Include the dependency files.
-include $(shell mkdir .dep 2>/dev/null) $(wildcard .dep/*)

# Listing of phony targets.
.PHONY : all begin finish end sizebefore sizeafter gccversion \
build elf hex eep lss sym coff extcoff \
clean clean_list program debug gdb-config