目录
介绍
这是该系列文章的第五篇，探讨了如何在Blazor中构建和构建真正的数据库应用程序。
- 项目结构与框架
- 服务——构建CRUD数据层
- View组件——UI中的CRUD编辑和查看操作
- UI组件——构建HTML / CSS控件
- View组件-UI中的CRUD列表操作
- 逐步详细介绍如何向应用程序添加气象站和气象站数据
本文详细介绍了构建可重用的列表表示层组件并将其部署在Server和WASM项目中的情况。
储存库和数据库
存储库中有一个SQL脚本在/SQL中，用于构建数据库。
您可以在此处查看运行的项目的服务器版本。
你可以看到该项目的WASM版本运行在这里。
列表功能
列表组件比其他CRUD组件面临的挑战要多得多。专业级别列表控件中预期的功能包括：
- 分页以处理大型数据集
- 列格式化以控制列宽和数据溢出
- 在各个列上排序
- 筛选
基本表单
ListFormBase是所有列表的基本表单。它继承自ControllerServiceFormBase。
文章中并没有显示所有代码——有些类太大了，我只显示最相关的部分。可以在Github站点上查看所有源文件，并且在本文的适当位置提供了对特定代码文件的引用或链接。代码注释中有关于代码段的详细信息。
分页
分页是通过IControllerPagingService接口实现的。BaseControllerService实现此接口。由于太大，此处未详细显示。许多功能非常明显——可以跟踪您所在页面的属性，具有多少页面和块、页面大小等的属性——因此我们将跳到更有趣的部分。
初始表单加载
让我们从加载列表表单开始，然后看一下OnRenderAsync。
// CEC.Weather/Components/Forms/WeatherForecastListForm.razor.cs
protected override Task OnRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
if (firstRender)
{
// Sets the specific service
this.Service = this.ControllerService;
// Sets the max column
this.UIOptions.MaxColumn = 3;
}
return base.OnRenderAsync(firstRender);
}// CEC.Blazor/Components/BaseForms/ListFormBase.cs
protected async override Task OnRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
// set the page to 1
var page = 1;
if (this.IsService)
{
if (firstRender)
{
// Reset the Service if this is the first load
await this.Service.Reset();
this.ListTitle = string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.ListTitle) ?
$"List of {this.Service.RecordConfiguration.RecordListDecription}" :
this.ListTitle;
}
// Load the filters for the recordset
this.LoadFilter();
// Check if we have a saved Page No in the ViewData
if (this.IsViewManager &&
!this.ViewManager.ViewData.GetFieldAsInt("Page", out page)) page = 1;
// Load the paged recordset
await this.Service.LoadPagingAsync();
// go to the correct page
await this.Paging.GoToPageAsync(page);
this.Loading = false;
}
await base.OnRenderAsync(firstRender);
}// CEC.Blazor/Components/BaseForms/FormBase.cs
protected async override Task OnRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
if (firstRender) {
await GetUserAsync();
}
await base.OnRenderAsync(firstRender);
}// base LoadFilter
protected virtual void LoadFilter()
{
// Set OnlyLoadIfFilter if the Parameter value is set
if (IsService) this.Service.FilterList.OnlyLoadIfFilters = this.OnlyLoadIfFilter;
}我们有兴趣ListFormBase调用LoadPagingAsync()。
// CEC.Blazor/Components/BaseForms/ListComponentBase.cs
/// Method to load up the Paged Data to display
/// loads the delegate with the default service GetDataPage method and loads the first page
/// Can be overridden for more complex situations
public async virtual Task LoadPagingAsync()
{
// set the record to null to force a reload of the records
this.Records = null;
// if requested adds a default service function to the delegate
this.PageLoaderAsync = new IControllerPagingService<TRecord>.PageLoaderDelegateAsync
(this.GetDataPageWithSortingAsync);
// loads the paging object
await this.LoadAsync();
// Trigger event so any listeners get notified
this.TriggerListChangedEvent(this);
}IControllerPagingService定义一个返回TRecords的List的PageLoaderDelegateAsync委托和一个委托属性PageLoaderAsync。
// CEC.Blazor/Services/Interfaces/IControllerPagingService.cs
// Delegate that returns a generic Record List
public delegate Task<List<TRecord>> PageLoaderDelegateAsync();
// Holds the reference to the PageLoader Method to use
public PageLoaderDelegateAsync PageLoaderAsync { get; set; }默认情况下，LoadPagingAsync将方法GetDataPageWithSortingAsync加载为PageLoaderAsync，然后调用LoadAsync。
LoadAsync重置各种属性（我们在OnRenderAsync中通过重置服务来完成此操作，但是LoadAsync在需要重置记录列表的其他地方调用了它-而不是整个服务），然后调用了PageLoaderAsync委托。
// CEC.Blazor/Services/BaseControllerService.cs
public async Task<bool> LoadAsync()
{
// Reset the page to 1
this.CurrentPage = 1;
// Check if we have a sort column, if not set to the default column
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.DefaultSortColumn))
this.SortColumn = this.DefaultSortColumn;
// Set the sort direction to the default
this.SortingDirection = DefaultSortingDirection;
// Check if we have a method loaded in the PageLoaderAsync delegate and if so run it
if (this.PageLoaderAsync != null) this.PagedRecords = await this.PageLoaderAsync();
// Set the block back to the start
this.ChangeBlock(0);
// Force a UI update as everything has changed
this.PageHasChanged?.Invoke(this, this.CurrentPage);
return true;
}GetDataPageWithSortingAsync如下所示。有关详细信息，请参见注释。如有必要，GetFilteredListAsync总是调用来刷新列表recordset。
// CEC.Blazor/Services/BaseControllerService.cs
public async virtual Task<List<TRecord>> GetDataPageWithSortingAsync()
{
// Get the filtered list - will only get a new list if the Records property
// has been set to null elsewhere
await this.GetFilteredListAsync();
// Reset the start record if we are outside
// the range of the record set - a belt and braces check as this shouldn't happen!
if (this.PageStartRecord > this.Records.Count) this.CurrentPage = 1;
// Check if we have to apply sorting, in not get the page we want
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.SortColumn))
return this.Records.Skip(this.PageStartRecord).Take(this._PageSize).ToList();
else
{
// If we do order the record set and then get the page we want
if (this.SortingDirection == SortDirection.Ascending)
{
return this.Records.OrderBy(x => x.GetType().GetProperty(this.SortColumn).
GetValue(x, null)).Skip(this.PageStartRecord).Take(this._PageSize).ToList();
}
else
{
return this.Records.OrderByDescending
(x => x.GetType().GetProperty(this.SortColumn).
GetValue(x, null)).Skip(this.PageStartRecord).Take(this._PageSize).ToList();
}
}
}GetFilteredListAsync得到一个过滤列表recordset。在应用过滤的表单组件中（例如从过滤器控件中）覆盖了它。默认实现获取整个recordset。它使用IsRecords来检查它是否需要重新加载recordset。如果Records为null，则仅重新加载。
// CEC.Blazor/Services/BaseControllerService.cs
public async virtual Task<bool> GetFilteredListAsync()
{
// Check if the record set is null. and only refresh the record set if it's null
if (!this.IsRecords)
{
//gets the filtered record list
this.Records = await this.Service.GetFilteredRecordListAsync(FilterList);
return true;
}
return false;
}总结一下：
- 在窗体加载Service时（记录类型的特定数据服务）将重置。
- 在Service上的GetDataPageWithSortingAsync()被加载到Service委托。
- 当Service中的Records设置为null时调用Delegate。
- GetFilteredListAsync()加载Records。
- GetDataPageWithSortingAsync() 加载第一页。
- IsLoading设置为false，以便UIErrorHandler UI控件显示页面。
- 在Form后刷新OnParametersSetAsync自动所以没有手动调用StateHasChanged是必需的。OnInitializedAsync是的一部分，OnParametersSetAsync只有完成OnInitializedAsync后才能完成。
表单事件
PagingControl通过IPagingControlService接口直接与表单Service进行交互，并将单击按钮链接到IPagingControlService方法：
- ChangeBlockAsync(int direction,bool supresspageupdate)
- MoveOnePageAsync(int direction)
- GoToPageAsync(int pageno)
// CEC.Blazor/Services/BaseControllerService.cs
/// Moves forward or backwards one block
/// direction 1 for forwards
/// direction -1 for backwards
/// suppresspageupdate
/// - set to true (default) when user changes page and the block changes with the page
/// - set to false when user changes block rather than changing page
/// and the page needs to be updated to the first page of the block
public async Task ChangeBlockAsync(int direction, bool suppresspageupdate = true)
{
if (direction == 1 && this.EndPage < this.TotalPages)
{
this.StartPage = this.EndPage + 1;
if (this.EndPage + this.PagingBlockSize < this.TotalPages)
this.EndPage = this.StartPage + this.PagingBlockSize - 1;
else this.EndPage = this.TotalPages;
if (!suppresspageupdate) this.CurrentPage = this.StartPage;
}
else if (direction == -1 && this.StartPage > 1)
{
this.EndPage = this.StartPage - 1;
this.StartPage = this.StartPage - this.PagingBlockSize;
if (!suppresspageupdate) this.CurrentPage = this.StartPage;
}
else if (direction == 0 && this.CurrentPage == 1)
{
this.StartPage = 1;
if (this.EndPage + this.PagingBlockSize < this.TotalPages)
this.EndPage = this.StartPage + this.PagingBlockSize - 1;
else this.EndPage = this.TotalPages;
}
if (!suppresspageupdate) await this.PaginateAsync();
}/// Moves forward or backwards one page
/// direction 1 for forwards
/// direction -1 for backwards
public async Task MoveOnePageAsync(int direction)
{
if (direction == 1)
{
if (this.CurrentPage < this.TotalPages)
{
if (this.CurrentPage == this.EndPage) await ChangeBlockAsync(1);
this.CurrentPage += 1;
}
}
else if (direction == -1)
{
if (this.CurrentPage > 1)
{
if (this.CurrentPage == this.StartPage) await ChangeBlockAsync(-1);
this.CurrentPage -= 1;
}
}
await this.PaginateAsync();
}/// Moves to the specified page
public Async Task GoToPageAsync(int pageno)
{
this.CurrentPage = pageno;
await this.PaginateAsync();
}上面所有方法都设置了IPagingControlService属性，然后调用PaginateAsync()，该调用将调用PageLoaderAsync委托并强制UI更新。
// CEC.Blazor/Services/BaseControllerService.cs
/// Method to trigger the page Changed Event
public async Task PaginateAsync()
{
// Check if we have a method loaded in the PageLoaderAsync delegate and if so run it
if (this.PageLoaderAsync != null) this.PagedRecords = await this.PageLoaderAsync();
// Force a UI update as something has changed
this.PageHasChanged?.Invoke(this, this.CurrentPage);
}页面控件
PageControl代码如下所示，并带有注释。
// CEC.Blazor/Components/FormControls/PagingControl.razor
@if (this.IsPagination)
{
<div class="pagination ml-2 flex-nowrap">
<nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination mb-1">
@if (this.DisplayType != PagingDisplayType.Narrow)
{
@if (this.DisplayType == PagingDisplayType.FullwithoutPageSize)
{
<li class="page-item"><button class="page-link"
@onclick="(e => this.Paging.ChangeBlockAsync
(-1, false))">1«</button></li>
}
else
{
<li class="page-item"><button class="page-link"
@onclick="(e => this.Paging.ChangeBlockAsync
(-1, false))">«</button></li>
}
<li class="page-item"><button class="page-link"
@onclick="(e => this.Paging.MoveOnePageAsync(-1))">Previous
</button></li>
@for (int i = this.Paging.StartPage; i <= this.Paging.EndPage; i++)
{
var currentpage = i;
<li class="page-item @(currentpage == this.Paging.CurrentPage ?
"active" : "")"><button class="page-link"
@onclick="(e => this.Paging.GoToPageAsync(currentpage))">@currentpage
</button></li>
}
<li class="page-item"><button class="page-link"
@onclick="(e => this.Paging.MoveOnePageAsync(1))">Next
</button></li>
@if (this.DisplayType == PagingDisplayType.FullwithoutPageSize)
{
<li class="page-item"><button class="page-link"
@onclick="(e => this.Paging.ChangeBlockAsync(1, false))">»
@this.Paging.TotalPages
</button></li>
}
else
{
<li class="page-item"><button class="page-link"
@onclick="(e => this.Paging.ChangeBlockAsync(1, false))">»
</button></li>
}
}
else
{
<li class="page-item"><button class="page-link"
@onclick="(e => this.Paging.MoveOnePageAsync(-1))">1«
</button></li>
@for (int i = this.Paging.StartPage; i <= this.Paging.EndPage; i++)
{
var currentpage = i;
<li class="page-item @(currentpage == this.Paging.CurrentPage ?
"active" : "")"><button class="page-link"
@onclick="(e =>
this.Paging.GoToPageAsync(currentpage))">@currentpage
</button></li>
}
<li class="page-item"><button class="page-link"
@onclick="(e => this.Paging.MoveOnePageAsync(1))">»
@this.Paging.TotalPages
</button></li>
}
</ul>
</nav>
@if (this.DisplayType == PagingDisplayType.Full)
{
<span class="pagebutton btn btn-link btn-sm disabled mr-1">Page
@this.Paging.CurrentPage of @this.Paging.TotalPages</span>
}
</div>
}// CEC.Blazor/Components/FormControls/PagingControl.razor.cs
public partial class PagingControl<TRecord> :
ComponentBase where TRecord : IDbRecord<TRecord>, new()
{
[CascadingParameter] public IControllerPagingService<TRecord> _Paging { get; set; }
[Parameter] public IControllerPagingService<TRecord> Paging { get; set; }
[Parameter] public PagingDisplayType DisplayType { get; set; } = PagingDisplayType.Full;
[Parameter] public int BlockSize { get; set; } = 0;
private bool IsPaging => this.Paging != null;
private bool IsPagination => this.Paging != null && this.Paging.IsPagination;
protected override Task OnRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
if (firstRender)
{
// Check if we have a cascaded IControllerPagingService if so use it
this.Paging = this._Paging ?? this.Paging;
}
if (this.IsPaging)
{
this.Paging.PageHasChanged += this.UpdateUI;
if (this.DisplayType == PagingDisplayType.Narrow) Paging.PagingBlockSize = 4;
if (BlockSize > 0) Paging.PagingBlockSize = this.BlockSize;
}
return base.OnRenderAsync(firstRender);
}
protected async void UpdateUI(object sender, int recordno) => await RenderAsync();
private string IsCurrent(int i) =>
i == this.Paging.CurrentPage ? "active" : string.Empty;
}WeatherForecastListForm
WeatherForecastListForm的代码很容易解释。OnView和OnEdit路由到查看器或编辑器，或者如果UIOptions指定了使用模态，则打开对话框。
// CEC.Weather/Components/Forms/WeatherForecastListForm.razor.cs
public partial class WeatherForecastListForm :
ListFormBase<DbWeatherForecast, WeatherForecastDbContext>
{
/// The Injected Controller service for this record
[Inject] protected WeatherForecastControllerService ControllerService { get; set; }
protected override Task OnRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
if (firstRender)
{
// Sets the specific service
this.Service = this.ControllerService;
// Sets the max column
this.UIOptions.MaxColumn = 3;
}
return base.OnRenderAsync(firstRender);
}
/// Method called when the user clicks on a row in the viewer.
protected void OnView(int id)
{
if (this.UIOptions.UseModalViewer && this.ViewManager.ModalDialog != null)
this.OnModalAsync<WeatherForecastViewerForm>(id);
else this.OnViewAsync<WeatherForecastViewerView>(id);
}
/// Method called when the user clicks on a row Edit button.
protected void OnEdit(int id)
{
if (this.UIOptions.UseModalViewer && this.ViewManager.ModalDialog != null)
this.OnModalAsync<WeatherForecastEditorForm>(id);
else this.OnViewAsync<WeatherForecastEditorView>(id);
}
}下面的“Razor标记”是完整文件的缩写。这充分利用了上一篇文章中介绍的UIControls内容。有关详细信息，请参见注释。
// CEC.Weather/Components/Forms/WeatherForecastListForm.razor
// Wrapper that cascades the values including event handlers
<UIWrapper UIOptions="@this.UIOptions"
RecordConfiguration="@this.Service.RecordConfiguration"
OnView="@OnView" OnEdit="@OnEdit">
// UI CardGrid is a Bootstrap Card
<UICardGrid TRecord="DbWeatherForecast"
IsCollapsible="true" Paging="this.Paging" IsLoading="this.Loading">
<Title>
@this.ListTitle
</Title>
// Header Section of UICardGrid
<TableHeader>
// Header Grid columns
<UIGridTableHeaderColumn TRecord="DbWeatherForecast"
Column="1" FieldName="WeatherForecastID">ID</UIGridTableHeaderColumn>
<UIGridTableHeaderColumn TRecord="DbWeatherForecast"
Column="2" FieldName="Date">Date</UIGridTableHeaderColumn>
.....
<UIGridTableHeaderColumn TRecord="DbWeatherForecast"
Column="7"></UIGridTableHeaderColumn>
</TableHeader>
// Row Template Section of UICardGrid
<RowTemplate>
// Cascaded ID for the specific Row
<CascadingValue Name="RecordID" Value="@context.WeatherForecastID">
<UIGridTableColumn TRecord="DbWeatherForecast"
Column="1">@context.WeatherForecastID</UIGridTableColumn>
<UIGridTableColumn TRecord="DbWeatherForecast"
Column="2">@context.Date.ToShortDateString()</UIGridTableColumn>
.....
<UIGridTableEditColumn TRecord="DbWeatherForecast"></UIGridTableEditColumn>
</CascadingValue>
</RowTemplate>
// Navigation Section of UUCardGrid
<Navigation>
<UIListButtonRow>
// Paging part of UIListButtonRow
<Paging>
<PagingControl TRecord="DbWeatherForecast"
Paging="this.Paging"></PagingControl>
</Paging>
</UIListButtonRow>
</Navigation>
</UICardGrid>
</UIWrapper>Razor组件使用一组UIControl用于列表构建的。UICardGrid构建Bootstrap卡和表框架。您可以在Github存储库中浏览组件代码。
WeatherForcastListModalView
这很简单。WeatherForecastListForm和UIOptions对象的Razor标记。
// CEC.Weather/Components/Views/WeatherForecastListModalView.razor
@using CEC.Blazor.Components
@using CEC.Blazor.Components.BaseForms
@using CEC.Blazor.Components.UIControls
@using CEC.Weather.Data
@using CEC.Weather.Components
@using CEC.Blazor.Components.Base
@namespace CEC.Weather.Components.Views
@inherits Component
@implements IView
<WeatherForecastListForm UIOptions="this.UIOptions"></WeatherForecastListForm>
@code {
[CascadingParameter]
public ViewManager ViewManager { get; set; }
public UIOptions UIOptions => new UIOptions()
{
ListNavigationToViewer = true,
ShowButtons = true,
ShowAdd = true,
ShowEdit = true,
UseModalEditor = true,
UseModalViewer = true
};
}总结
总结了这篇文章。需要注意的一些关键点：
- Blazor服务器和Blazor WASM之间的代码没有差异。
- 几乎所有功能都在库组件中实现。大多数应用程序代码都是单个记录字段的Razor标记。
- 整个组件和CRUD数据访问都使用了异步功能。
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