目录
TensorFlow + JavaScript。现在，最流行，最先进的AI框架支持地球上使用最广泛的编程语言。因此，让我们在Web浏览器中通过深度学习使文本和NLP（自然语言处理）聊天机器人神奇地发生，使用TensorFlow.js通过WebGL加速GPU！
我们的聊天专家聊天机器人的第1版使用递归神经网络（RNN）构建，存在一些缺点和局限性，这使得它常常无法预测匹配的聊天问题以提供答案，除非问题被逐字询问出现在数据库中。RNN学会根据序列进行预测，但他们不一定知道序列的哪些部分最重要。
这是转换器可以派上用场的地方。我们在上一篇文章中讨论了转换器。在那里，我们展示了他们如何帮助改善我们的情绪探测器。现在，让我们看看他们可以为聊天聊天机器人做什么。
使用通用语句编码器设置TensorFlow.js代码
该项目与第一个聊天专家代码非常相似，因此让我们以初始代码库为起点，去掉单词嵌入、模型和预测部分。我们将在此处添加一个重要且功能强大的库，即通用句子编码器（USE），它是一种经过预先训练的基于转换器的语言处理模型。这就是我们用来确定聊天机器人匹配的聊天问题的内容。我们还将在USE自述文件示例中添加两个实用程序函数dotProduct和zipWith，以帮助我们确定句子的相似性。
<html>
<head>
<title>Trivia Know-It-All: Chatbots in the Browser with TensorFlow.js</title>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@tensorflow/tfjs@2.0.0/dist/tf.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@tensorflow-models/universal-sentence-encoder"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1 id="status">Trivia Know-It-All Bot</h1>
<label>Ask a trivia question:</label>
<input id="question" type="text" />
<button id="submit">Submit</button>
<p id="bot-question"></p>
<p id="bot-answer"></p>
<script>
function setText( text ) {
document.getElementById( "status" ).innerText = text;
}
// Calculate the dot product of two vector arrays.
const dotProduct = (xs, ys) => {
const sum = xs => xs ? xs.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) : undefined;
return xs.length === ys.length ?
sum(zipWith((a, b) => a * b, xs, ys))
: undefined;
}
// zipWith :: (a -> b -> c) -> [a] -> [b] -> [c]
const zipWith =
(f, xs, ys) => {
const ny = ys.length;
return (xs.length <= ny ? xs : xs.slice(0, ny))
.map((x, i) => f(x, ys[i]));
}
(async () => {
// Load TriviaQA data
let triviaData = await fetch( "web/verified-wikipedia-dev.json" ).then( r => r.json() );
let data = triviaData.Data;
// Process all QA to map to answers
let questions = data.map( qa => qa.Question );
// Load the universal sentence encoder
setText( "Loading USE..." );
let encoder = await use.load();
setText( "Loaded!" );
const model = await use.loadQnA();
document.getElementById( "question" ).addEventListener( "keyup", function( event ) {
// Number 13 is the "Enter" key on the keyboard
if( event.keyCode === 13 ) {
// Cancel the default action, if needed
event.preventDefault();
// Trigger the button element with a click
document.getElementById( "submit" ).click();
}
});
document.getElementById( "submit" ).addEventListener( "click", async function( event ) {
let text = document.getElementById( "question" ).value;
document.getElementById( "question" ).value = "";
// Run the calculation things
const input = {
queries: [ text ],
responses: questions
};
// console.log( input );
let embeddings = await model.embed( input );
tf.tidy( () => {
const embed_query = embeddings[ "queryEmbedding" ].arraySync();
const embed_responses = embeddings[ "responseEmbedding" ].arraySync();
let scores = [];
embed_responses.forEach( response => {
scores.push( dotProduct( embed_query[ 0 ], response ) );
});
// Get the index of the highest value in the prediction
let id = scores.indexOf( Math.max( ...scores ) );
document.getElementById( "bot-question" ).innerText = questions[ id ];
document.getElementById( "bot-answer" ).innerText = data[ id ].Answer.Value;
});
embeddings.queryEmbedding.dispose();
embeddings.responseEmbedding.dispose();
});
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>TriviaQA数据集
我们将用于改进的聊天专家聊天机器人的数据与以前相同，即由华盛顿大学提供的TriviaQA数据集。它包括9.5万个聊天问答对，但是为了使其更简单，训练更快，我们将使用较小的子集verified-wikipedia-dev.json，该子集包含在该项目的示例代码中。
通用句子编码器
通用编码器句（USE）是“[预先训练]模型编码文本转换成512维的嵌入”。有关USE及其体系结构的完整说明，请参见上一篇文章。
USE易于使用。在定义网络模型并使用其QnA双编码器之前，让我们在代码中加载它，这将为我们提供所有查询和所有答案的全句嵌入。
// Load the universal sentence encoder
setText( "Loading USE..." );
let encoder = await use.load();
setText( "Loaded!" );
const model = await use.loadQnA();聊天机器人在行动
因为句子嵌入已经将相似性编码到其向量中，所以我们不需要训练其他模型。我们需要做的只是找出哪些聊天问题与用户提交的问题最相似。让我们通过使用QnA编码器并找到最佳问题来做到这一点。
document.getElementById( "submit" ).addEventListener( "click", async function( event ) {
let text = document.getElementById( "question" ).value;
document.getElementById( "question" ).value = "";
// Run the calculation things
const input = {
queries: [ text ],
responses: questions
};
// console.log( input );
let embeddings = await model.embed( input );
tf.tidy( () => {
const embed_query = embeddings[ "queryEmbedding" ].arraySync();
const embed_responses = embeddings[ "responseEmbedding" ].arraySync();
let scores = [];
embed_responses.forEach( response => {
scores.push( dotProduct( embed_query[ 0 ], response ) );
});
// Get the index of the highest value in the prediction
let id = scores.indexOf( Math.max( ...scores ) );
document.getElementById( "bot-question" ).innerText = questions[ id ];
document.getElementById( "bot-answer" ).innerText = data[ id ].Answer.Value;
});
embeddings.queryEmbedding.dispose();
embeddings.responseEmbedding.dispose();
});如果一切顺利，您会注意到，现在我们有了一个性能出色的聊天机器人，可以仅用一个或两个关键字就可以得到适当的聊天问答。
终点线
为了结束这个项目，下面是完整的代码：
<html>
<head>
<title>Trivia Know-It-All: Chatbots in the Browser with TensorFlow.js</title>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@tensorflow/tfjs@2.0.0/dist/tf.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@tensorflow-models/universal-sentence-encoder"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1 id="status">Trivia Know-It-All Bot</h1>
<label>Ask a trivia question:</label>
<input id="question" type="text" />
<button id="submit">Submit</button>
<p id="bot-question"></p>
<p id="bot-answer"></p>
<script>
function setText( text ) {
document.getElementById( "status" ).innerText = text;
}
// Calculate the dot product of two vector arrays.
const dotProduct = (xs, ys) => {
const sum = xs => xs ? xs.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) : undefined;
return xs.length === ys.length ?
sum(zipWith((a, b) => a * b, xs, ys))
: undefined;
}
// zipWith :: (a -> b -> c) -> [a] -> [b] -> [c]
const zipWith =
(f, xs, ys) => {
const ny = ys.length;
return (xs.length <= ny ? xs : xs.slice(0, ny))
.map((x, i) => f(x, ys[i]));
}
(async () => {
// Load TriviaQA data
let triviaData = await fetch( "web/verified-wikipedia-dev.json" ).then( r => r.json() );
let data = triviaData.Data;
// Process all QA to map to answers
let questions = data.map( qa => qa.Question );
// Load the universal sentence encoder
setText( "Loading USE..." );
let encoder = await use.load();
setText( "Loaded!" );
const model = await use.loadQnA();
document.getElementById( "question" ).addEventListener( "keyup", function( event ) {
// Number 13 is the "Enter" key on the keyboard
if( event.keyCode === 13 ) {
// Cancel the default action, if needed
event.preventDefault();
// Trigger the button element with a click
document.getElementById( "submit" ).click();
}
});
document.getElementById( "submit" ).addEventListener( "click", async function( event ) {
let text = document.getElementById( "question" ).value;
document.getElementById( "question" ).value = "";
// Run the calculation things
const input = {
queries: [ text ],
responses: questions
};
// console.log( input );
let embeddings = await model.embed( input );
tf.tidy( () => {
const embed_query = embeddings[ "queryEmbedding" ].arraySync();
const embed_responses = embeddings[ "responseEmbedding" ].arraySync();
let scores = [];
embed_responses.forEach( response => {
scores.push( dotProduct( embed_query[ 0 ], response ) );
});
// Get the index of the highest value in the prediction
let id = scores.indexOf( Math.max( ...scores ) );
document.getElementById( "bot-question" ).innerText = questions[ id ];
document.getElementById( "bot-answer" ).innerText = data[ id ].Answer.Value;
});
embeddings.queryEmbedding.dispose();
embeddings.responseEmbedding.dispose();
});
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>下一步是什么？
既然我们已经学会了创建一个知识聊天机器人，那么带有更多灯光、摄像头和动作的东西又如何呢？让我们创建一个可以与之对话的聊天机器人。
在本系列的下一篇文章中，使用TensorFlow.js在浏览器中的电影对话聊天机器人中与我一起构建。
https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/5282692/AI-Chatbots-With-TensorFlow-js-Improved-Trivia-Exp
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