Linux /dev/uinput

1. 简介

    uinput可在以下情况大显身手:

    1) 不需要自己写驱动

     2) 用户态向/dev/input/eventX写入事件,即用户向Kernel注入数据

2. 使用流程

2.1 打开UInput Device

APP:

 

 
  1. char *dev = "/dev/uinput“;

  2. open(dev, O_WRONLY | O_NDELAY);


Kernel:

 

     static int uinput_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
    参数inode对应的是 主设备为10,子设备为223的node(即位用户态的dev)
    参数file对应打开的文件。
    动作:
       创建了newdev-- uinput_device结构。
       newdev->state = UIST_NEW_DEVICE; 
       file->private_data = newdev;
 
 

2.2 设置UInput Device

 

APP:    

    ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY);

Kernel:
     static long uinput_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
      参数file对应打开的文件。
      参数cmd 对应用户态ioctl参数2。UI_SET_EVBIT
      参数arg对应用户态ioctl参数3。EV_KEY
   动作:
      将driver参数传递过来。
      udev = file->private_data;
      udev->dev 是个input_dev 类型数据。 此时,它未初始化。
      如果udev->dev为空,则使用 uinput_allocate_device(udev);申请input_dev结构
 
    具体到CMD=UI_SET_EVBIT
       uinput_set_bit(arg, evbit, EV_MAX);
       首先判断newdev->state为UIST_CREATED,则返回错误码。
       这就说明:设置bit,需要在create input device 之前。
       具体动作为:udev->dev->evbit 设为EV_KEY.
 
注意:此处input device的evbit:
      一个是evbit表示设备所支持的动作.:
      #define EV_KEY   0x01  // 按键
      #define EV_REL   0x02  // 释放
 

    其它设置如下:
    ret = ioctl(fd, UI_SET_RELBIT, REL_X); //鼠标
    ret = ioctl(fd, UI_SET_RELBIT, REL_Y);
    ret = ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_ABS);
    ret = ioctl(fd, UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_X);
    ret = ioctl(fd, UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_Y);
    ret = ioctl(fd, UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_PRESSURE);
    以上设置了Input Device关心或者说会产生的消息。
 

 2.3 写入设备信息

 

APP: 

 

 
  1. struct uinput_user_dev uinput;

  2. uinput.id.version = 4;

  3. uinput.id.bustype = BUS_USB;

  4. uinput.absmin[ABS_X] = 0;

  5. uinput.absmax[ABS_X] = 65535; //sam 把屏幕设为0-65535

  6. uinput.absmin[ABS_Y] = 0;

  7. uinput.absmax[ABS_Y] = 65535;

  8. uinput.absmin[ABS_PRESSURE] = 0;

  9. uinput.absmax[ABS_PRESSURE] = 0xfff;

  10. ret = write(fd, &uinput, sizeof(uinput));

 

 

Kernel:

      Device status为UIST_NEW_DEVICE
     并将udev->dev 这个input device 具体化。初始化该input_dev,之后,改变状态:
     udev->state = UIST_SETUP_COMPLETE;

 

2.4 创建Input Device

APP:   

   注意,此处是创建了Input Device。而不是UInput Device。
      ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_CREATE);
 Kernel:
     input_register_device(udev->dev); //向子系统注册该设备,之后中断时input_event()向子系统报告事件
     udev->state = UIST_CREATED;
 

2.5 向Input Device发送Event

 

APP:

 

 
  1. struct input_event event = {0};

  2. gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);

  3. event.type = EV_KEY;

  4. event.code = key;

  5. event.value = press ? 1:0;

  6. write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));


Kernel:
     static ssize_t uinput_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
     因为此时state为UIST_CREATED
     input_event(udev->dev, ev.type, ev.code, ev.value);    // 发送event.
 

 3. 总结

 

使用UInput的步骤为:
1. 打开设备。
2. 使用ioctl() 配置设备。
3. 使用write() 将input device信息设置好。
4. 使用ioctl(UI_DEV_CREATE)创建Input Device。(即使用write设置的)
5. 再使用write() 写入event.

 

4. 实例

 
  1. /* Globals */

  2. static int uinp_fd = -1;

  3. struct uinput_user_dev uinp; // uInput device structure

  4. struct input_event event; // Input device structure

  5. /* Setup the uinput device */

  6. int setup_uinput_device()

  7. {

  8. // Temporary variable

  9. int i=0;

  10.  
  11. // Open the input device

  12. uinp_fd = open("/dev/uinput", O_WRONLY | O_NDELAY);

  13. if (uinp_fd == NULL)

  14. {

  15. Dashboard January 2007 Issue

  16. printf("Unable to open /dev/uinput/n");

  17. return -1;

  18. }

  19.  
  20. memset(&uinp,0,sizeof(uinp)); // Intialize the uInput device to NULL

  21. strncpy(uinp.name, "PolyVision Touch Screen", UINPUT_MAX_NAME_SIZE);

  22. uinp.id.version = 4;

  23. uinp.id.bustype = BUS_USB;

  24.  
  25. // Setup the uinput device

  26. ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY);

  27. ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_REL);

  28. ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_RELBIT, REL_X);

  29. ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_RELBIT, REL_Y);

  30. for (i=0; i < 256; i++) {

  31. ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, i);

  32. }

  33.  
  34. ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_MOUSE);

  35. ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_TOUCH);

  36. ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_MOUSE);

  37. ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_LEFT);

  38. ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_MIDDLE);

  39. ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_RIGHT);

  40. ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_FORWARD);

  41. ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_BACK);

  42.  
  43. /* Create input device into input sub-system */

  44. write(uinp_fd, &uinp, sizeof(uinp));

  45. if (ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_DEV_CREATE))

  46. {

  47. printf("Unable to create UINPUT device.");

  48. return -1;

  49. }

  50. return 1;

  51. }

  52.  
  53. void send_click_events( )

  54. {

  55. // Move pointer to (100,100) location

  56. memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));

  57. gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);

  58. event.type = EV_REL;

  59. event.code = REL_X;

  60. event.value = 100;

  61. write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));

  62.  
  63. event.type = EV_REL;

  64. event.code = REL_Y;

  65. event.value = 100;

  66. write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));

  67.  
  68. event.type = EV_SYN;

  69. event.code = SYN_REPORT;

  70. event.value = 0;

  71. write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));

  72.  
  73. // Report BUTTON CLICK - PRESS event

  74. memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));

  75. gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);

  76. event.type = EV_KEY;

  77. event.code = BTN_LEFT;

  78. event.value = 1;

  79. write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));

  80.  
  81. event.type = EV_SYN;

  82. event.code = SYN_REPORT;

  83. event.value = 0;

  84. write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));

  85.  
  86. // Report BUTTON CLICK - RELEASE event

  87. memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));

  88. gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);

  89. event.type = EV_KEY;

  90. event.code = BTN_LEFT;

  91. event.value = 0;

  92.  
  93. write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));

  94. event.type = EV_SYN;

  95. event.code = SYN_REPORT;

  96. event.value = 0;

  97. write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));

  98. }

  99.  
  100. void send_a_button()

  101. {

  102. // Report BUTTON CLICK - PRESS event

  103. memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));

  104. gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);

  105. event.type = EV_KEY;

  106. event.code = KEY_A;

  107. event.value = 1;

  108. write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));

  109.  
  110. event.type = EV_SYN;

  111. event.code = SYN_REPORT;

  112. event.value = 0;

  113. write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));

  114.  
  115. // Report BUTTON CLICK - RELEASE event

  116. memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));

  117. gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);

  118. event.type = EV_KEY;

  119. event.code = KEY_A;

  120. event.value = 0;

  121.  
  122. write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));

  123. event.type = EV_SYN;

  124. event.code = SYN_REPORT;

  125. event.value = 0;

  126. write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));

  127. }

  128.  
  129. /* This function will open the uInput device. Please make

  130. sure that you have inserted the uinput.ko into kernel. */

  131. int main()

  132. {

  133. // Return an error if device not found.

  134. if (setup_uinput_device() < 0)

  135. {

  136. printf("Unable to find uinput device/n");

  137. return -1;

  138. }

  139.  
  140. send_a_button(); // Send a "A" key

  141. send_click_events(); // Send mouse event

  142.  
  143. /* Destroy the input device */

  144. ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_DEV_DESTROY);

  145.  
  146. /* Close the UINPUT device */

  147. close(uinp_fd);

  148. }




 
 
 
UInput添加的Input Device在/proc的反应:
#cat /proc/bus/input/devices
I: Bus=0003 Vendor=0000 Product=0000 Version=0004
N: Name="uinput"
P: Phys=
S: Sysfs=/class/input/input6
H: Handlers=event1 mouse1
B: EV=f
B: KEY=400 0 670000 ffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
B: REL=3
B: ABS=1000003
解释如下:
Bus=0003 Vendor=0000 Product=0000 Version=0004
这是在第一次write时设置的:
uinp.id.version = 4;
uinp.id.bustype = BUS_USB;
struct input_id {
 __u16 bustype;
 __u16 vendor;
 __u16 product;
 __u16 version;
};
 
EV=f
 


后记:
后来的工作中,Sam又看到Hi3716C中,如何使用Driver将红外遥控器模拟成一个Keyboard.
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_602f877001019wtx.html


其实原理非常类似. 都需要指出支持什么Type的Event.
注3:不同类型的Input Event:
#define EV_SYN          0x00    表示设备支持所有的事件
#define EV_KEY          0x01    键盘或者按键,表示一个键码  
#define EV_REL          0x02    鼠标设备,表示一个相对的光标位置结果
#define EV_ABS          0x03    手写板产生的值,其是一个绝对整数值 
#define EV_MSC          0x04    其他类型 
#define EV_LED          0x11    LED灯设备
#define EV_SND          0x12    蜂鸣器,输入声音 
#define EV_REP          0x14    允许重复按键类型 
#define EV_PWR          0x16    电源管理事件 
#define EV_FF_STATUS 0x17
#define EV_MAX 0x1f
#define EV_CNT (EV_MAX+1)


也要指出每种Type的Event中又分别支持什么具体值.
然后才是创建Device.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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