参考资料:http://c.biancheng.net/cpp/socket/
http://www.winsocketdotnetworkprogramming.com/
socket 是“套接字”意思,是计算机之间进行通信的一种约定。
通过 socket 这种约定,一台计算机可以接收其他计算机的数据,也可以向其他计算机发送数据。
学习 socket,也就是学习计算机之间如何通信,并编写出实用的程序。
WD--返回WinSock的实现信息。
WD是一个WSAData结构:
typedef struct WSAData {
WORD wVersion;
WORD wHighVersion;
#ifdef _WIN64
unsigned short iMaxSockets;
unsigned short iMaxUdpDg;
char FAR * lpVendorInfo;
char szDescription[WSADESCRIPTION_LEN+1];
char szSystemStatus[WSASYS_STATUS_LEN+1];
#else
char szDescription[WSADESCRIPTION_LEN+1];
char szSystemStatus[WSASYS_STATUS_LEN+1];
unsigned short iMaxSockets;
unsigned short iMaxUdpDg;
char FAR * lpVendorInfo;
#endif
} WSADATA, FAR * LPWSADATA;
最简单的WinSocket程序
server.c
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int main()
{
WSADATA wsaData; //包含系统所支持的WinSocket版本信息
SOCKET sServer; //服务器Socket,用于监听客户端请求
SOCKET sClient; //客户端Socket,用于实现与客户端的通信
int retVal; //调用各种Socket函数的返回值
char buf[BUFFER_SIZE]; //用于接受客户端数据的缓冲区
//初始化WinSocket 2.2
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0)
{
printf("WSAStartup failed!\n");
return -1;
}
/**
* 打印socket信息
* 低位字节存储主版本号,高位字节存储副版本号
*/
printf("[wVersion] = %d.%d\n", LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion), HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion));
printf("[wHighVersion] = %d.%d\n", LOBYTE(wsaData.wHighVersion), HIBYTE(wsaData.wHighVersion));
printf("[szDescription] = %s\n", wsaData.szDescription);
printf("[szSystemStatus] = %s\n", wsaData.szSystemStatus);
printf("[iMaxSockets] = %d\n", wsaData.iMaxSockets);
printf("[iMaxUdpDg] = %d\n", wsaData.iMaxUdpDg);
//创建用于监听的socket
sServer = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
if (sServer == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("socket failed!\n");
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
/**
* 设置服务器socket地址
* 服务器监听地址为INADDR_ANY-->在任意本地地址(0.0.0.0)监听
* 监听端口号为9999
*/
SOCKADDR_IN addrServ;
addrServ.sin_family = AF_INET;
addrServ.sin_port = htons(9999);
addrServ.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
//绑定Sockets Server到本地地址
retVal = bind(sServer, (const struct sockaddr*)&addrServ, sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN));
if (retVal == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("bind failed!\n");
closesocket(sServer);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
//在Sockets Server上进行监听
retVal = listen(sServer, 1);
if (retVal == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("listen failed!\n");
closesocket(sServer);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
//接受来自客户端的请求
printf("TCP Server start...\n");
struct sockaddr_in addrClient;
int addrClientlen = sizeof(addrClient);
sClient = accept(sServer, (struct sockaddr FAR *)&addrClient, &addrClientlen);
if (sClient == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("accept failed!\n");
closesocket(sServer);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
//printf("%s\n", inet_ntoa(addrClient.sin_addr));
while (1)
{
//清空接收数据的缓冲区
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
retVal = recv(sClient, buf, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
if (retVal == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("recv failed\n");
closesocket(sServer);
closesocket(sClient);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
SYSTEMTIME st;
GetLocalTime(&st);
char szDateTime[50];
sprintf(szDateTime, "%4d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d", st.wYear, st.wMonth, st.wDay,
st.wHour, st.wMinute, st.wSecond);
//打印输出信息
printf("%s, Recv From Client [%s:%d] :%s\n", szDateTime, inet_ntoa(addrClient.sin_addr), addrClient.sin_port, buf);
if (strcmp(buf, "quit") == 0)
{
send(sClient, "quit", strlen("quit"), 0);
break;
}
else
{
char msg[BUFFER_SIZE];
sprintf(msg, "Message received - %s", buf);
retVal = send(sClient, msg, strlen(msg), 0);
if (retVal == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("send failed\n");
closesocket(sServer);
closesocket(sClient);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
}
}
//清除工作
closesocket(sServer);
closesocket(sClient);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
client.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int main()
{
WSADATA wsaData;
SOCKET sHost;
int retVal;
char buf[BUFFER_SIZE];
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0)
{
printf("WSAStartup failed!\n");
return -1;
}
sHost = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
if (sHost == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("socket failed!\n");
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
SOCKADDR_IN addrServ;
addrServ.sin_family = AF_INET;
addrServ.sin_port = htons(9999);
addrServ.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
retVal = connect(sHost, (LPSOCKADDR)&addrServ, sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN));
if (retVal == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("connect failed!\n");
closesocket(sHost);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
while (1)
{
printf("Please input a string:");
gets(buf);
retVal = send(sHost, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
if (retVal == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("send failed!\n");
closesocket(sHost);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
retVal = recv(sHost, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
if (retVal == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("recv failed!\n");
closesocket(sHost);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
printf("Recv From Server: %s\n", buf);
if(strcmp(buf, "quit") == 0)
{
break;
}
}
//วๅณนคื๗
closesocket(sHost);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
对于完成的client/server程序可以使用NC来测试
1)连接到 remote 主机,例子: 格式:nc -nvv 192.168.x.x 80 讲解:连到192.168.x.x的TCP80端口 2)监听 local 主机,例子: 格式:nc -l -p 80 讲解:监听本机的TCP80端口 |