完全详解fgets()函数!

关于fgets()函数的描述如下：

fgets()

Read a string of characters from a stream

Synopsis:

#include <stdio.h>

char* fgets( char* buf, 
             size_t n, 
             FILE* fp );

Arguments:

buf

A pointer to a buffer inwhich   fgets()  canstore the characters that it reads.

n

The maximum number of characters to read.

fp

The stream from which to read the characters.

Description:

The fgets() functionreads a string of characters from the stream specifiedby fp, and stores them in thearray specified by buf.

It stops reading characters when:

• the end-of-file is reached

  Or:

• a newline ('\n') character is read

  Or:

• n-1 characters have been read.

The newline character isn't discarded. A null character is placedimmediately after the last character read into the array.

我们利用以下代码来测试：

#include<stdio.h>


#define BUF_SIZE 10


int main()
{
    FILE *fp;
    char *buf[BUF_SIZE];
   if((fp=fopen("data","r"))==NULL)
    {
      printf("can't open the file!\n");
      exit(1);
    }
   fgets(buf,BUF_SIZE,fp);
    printf("thebuf is : %s!",buf);
    return0;
}

外加一个测试文件叫‘data’,里面内容如下：
0123456789
0123456789

结果如下：
BUF_SIZE=10

BUF_SIZE=11

BUF_SIZE=12


代码的作用是从'data'里面读取第一行内容，我们的主要目的是看换行符是怎么被处理的。
通过上面的调试查看内存，我们可以很清楚的看到fgets()函数的行为：
缓冲区的最后一个空间总是用来存储'\0'的,也就是说实际缓冲区最多只能放n-1个字符,而换行符\n也是被看作普通字符来处理的