在ATL DLL中传递C++对象

接口的限制:     COM要求客户和服务器高度的分离,这已经由接口实现了,但是现在问题是,接口方法只提供了有限的几种数据类型. 如果接口是基于IDispatch的,我们的选择更加有限.请记住这些限制,  C++对象只在下面几种情况下可以传递:     1. 客户和服务都是VC编译的;     2. 他们必须有共同的对象的定义,比如相同的头文件;     3. 通过传递C++对象简化应用的设计;     4. 在分布式环境中,需要注意你的COM必须具备远程激活, 本地/远程透明性, 安全性登方面的特性. 下面是一个例子:     1. 生成一个ATL  DLL服务器     2. 添加一个继承于CObject的类.     3. 在类的头文件中加上DECLARE_SERIAL     4. 在类的CPP文件中加上IMPLEMENT_SERIAL     5. 重载Serialize方法 // 你的CSimpleObj类看起来这样子的 class CSimpleObj : public CObject { DECLARE_SERIAL( CSimpleObj ) public: // constructor and destructor CSimpleObj(); virtual ~CSimpleObj(); // 设置内部的字符串 void SetString( CString csData ); // 用于串行化你的数据 virtual void Serialize(CArchive& ar); // 显示数据 void Show(); private: CString m_strData;//这里定义一个字符串对象 }; // Write this object to an archive void CSimpleObj::Serialize(CArchive& ar) { CObject::Serialize( ar ); if (ar.IsLoading()) { // extract data from archive ar >> m_strData; } else { // store data into archive ar << m_strData; } } // Method to display data in this object void CSimpleObj::Show() { AfxMessageBox(m_strData); } // save a string in data member void CSimpleObj::SetString(CString csData) { m_strData = csData; } 6. 下一步我们通过CArchive存取对象,这里用了另外一个类CBlob. class CBlob { public: CBlob() {}; virtual ~CBlob() {}; // Extract data from a CObject and load it into a SAFEARRAY. SAFEARRAY* Load( CObject *pObj ); // Re-create an object from a SAFEARRAY BOOL Expand( CObject * &pObj, SAFEARRAY *pVar ); private: }; // Extract data from a CObject and use it to create a SAFEARRAY. SAFEARRAY* CBlob::Load( CObject *pObj) { CMemFile memfile; // memory file // define the flag that tells the archive whether it should // load or store long lMode = CArchive::store | CArchive::bNoFlushOnDelete; // create the archive using the memory file CArchive ar(&memfile, lMode ); // m_pDocument is not used ar.m_pDocument = NULL; // serialize the object into the archive ar.WriteObject(pObj); // close the archive -- the data is now stored in memfile ar.Close(); // get the length (in bytes) of the memory file long llen = memfile.GetLength(); // detach the buffer and close the file unsigned char *pMemData = memfile.Detach(); // set up safearray SAFEARRAY *psa; // create a safe array to store the stream data psa = SafeArrayCreateVector( VT_UI1, 0, llen ); // pointers to byte arrays unsigned char *pData = NULL; // get a pointer to the safe array. Locks the array. SafeArrayAccessData( psa, (void**)&pData ); // copy the memory file into the safearray memcpy( pData, pMemData, llen ); // clean up buffer delete pMemData; // unlock access to safearray SafeArrayUnaccessData(psa); // return a pointer to a SAFEARRAY allocated here return psa; } // Re-create an object from a SAFEARRAY BOOL CBlob::Expand(CObject * &rpObj, SAFEARRAY *psa) { CMemFile memfile; // memory file for de-serailze long lLength; // number of bytes char *pBuffer; // buffer pointer // lock access to array data SafeArrayAccessData( psa, (void**)&pBuffer ); // get number of elements in array. This is the number of bytes lLength = psa->rgsabound->cElements; // attach the buffer to the memory file memfile.Attach((unsigned char*)pBuffer, lLength); // start at beginning of buffer memfile.SeekToBegin(); // create an archive with the attached memory file CArchive ar(&memfile, CArchive::load | CArchive::bNoFlushOnDelete); // document pointer is not used ar.m_pDocument = NULL; // inflate the object and get the pointer rpObj = ar.ReadObject(0); // close the archive ar.Close(); // Note: pBuffer is freed when the SAFEARRAY is destroyed // Detach the buffer and close the file pBuffer = (char*) memfile.Detach(); // release the safearray buffer SafeArrayUnaccessData( psa ); return TRUE; } 这里用了SAFEARRAY ,是比较适合我们的目的的,它能够容纳复杂的多维数组,这里我们只用了一个很简单的数组. 但是对于SAFEARRAY 有一个问题,MIDL 不认识这种类型,最简单的办法是用VARIANT 类型. 下面几步: 1.  生成一个COM接口, 2. 生成一个SAFEARRAY对象 3.  在IDL文件里 定义2个方法:  [helpstring("method SetArray")] HRESULT SetArray([in]SAFEARRAY unsigned char) pData); [helpstring("method GetArray")] HRESULT GetArray([out/*,retval*/]SAFEARRAY(unsigned char) *pData); 4. 生成一个基于MFC的客户端进行测试 IDL文件看起来这样的:     interface IBolbData : IUnknown   {     [helpstring("method SetArray")] HRESULT SetArray([in]SAFEARRAY       (unsigned char) pData);     [helpstring("method GetArray")] HRESULT GetArray([out/*,retval*/]       SAFEARRAY(unsigned char) *pData);   }; // Sets object. STDMETHODIMP CBolbData::SetArray(SAFEARRAY *pData) {   AFX_MANAGE_STATE(AfxGetStaticModuleState())   // create a dummy pointer of CSimpleObj   CSimpleObj *dummy=NULL;   // create blob obect to expand/deserialize   CBlob blob;   // Init dummy object using safe array through this function   blob.Expand( (CObject*&)dummy, pData );   dummy->Show();  // Call show function to test the object.   delete dummy;      // Delete the pointer.   return S_OK; } // Creates Object and sends to client. STDMETHODIMP CBolbData::GetArray(SAFEARRAY **pData) {   AFX_MANAGE_STATE(AfxGetStaticModuleState())   // create object to send to server   CSimpleObj *pMyOb = new CSimpleObj();   // set the string data   pMyOb->SetString( "A SAFEARRAY from the server!" );   // create blob to serialize object   CBlob blob;   // load the object into the blob   *pData = blob.Load( pMyOb );   // delete the pMyOb pointer   delete pMyOb;   return S_OK; } 最后,我们做一个带有2个按钮的对话框应用程序, 2个按钮的响应方法是: void CClientDlg::OnOK() { // create COM smart pointer from CLSID string   try   {     IBolbDataPtr pI( "Server.BolbData.1" );     SAFEARRAY *psa ;     // Get the safearray from the server     pI->GetArray( &psa );     // create a pointer to an object     CSimpleObj *dummy=NULL;     // blob object to expand     CBlob blob;     // use the blob to expand the safearray into an object     blob.Expand( (CObject *&)dummy, psa );     // call a method on the object to test it     dummy->Show();     // delete the object     delete dummy;   }   // Handle any COM exceptions from smart pointers   catch (_com_error e)   {     // display the message string from the error     AfxMessageBox( e.ErrorMessage() );   } } void CClientDlg::OnLoad() {   try   {     // create smart pointer from CLSID string     IBolbDataPtr pI( "Server.BolbData.1" );     SAFEARRAY *psa ;     // create object to send to server     CSimpleObj *pMyOb = new CSimpleObj();     // set the string data     pMyOb->SetString( "The client sent a SAFEARRAY!" );     // create blob to serialize object     CBlob blob;     // load the object into the blob     psa = blob.Load( pMyOb );     // delete the object     delete pMyOb;     pI->SetArray( psa );   }   // Handle any COM exceptions from smart pointers   catch (_com_error e)   {     // display the message string from the error     AfxMessageBox( e.ErrorMessage() );   } } 这个例子里涵盖的内容比较多,包括了如何使用串行化,如何使用安全数组,如何通过接口传递C++对象. 作者原贴在这里: http://www.codeguru.com/Cpp/COM-Tech/atl/atl/article.php/c3587/