OS学习笔记：Lecture 2

冯诺伊曼模型

 

CPU 循环

Mainmemory 寻址

1. EIP
2. 寻址模式：
   1. Real mode 物理地址
   2. Protected mode 虚拟地址
   3. SMM (system management mode) 任何crash下都能运行
   4. IA-32 扩展更大内存
   5. Virtual-8086 兼容
3. System flags
4. Control registers
   1. CR3 物理地址
   2. CR2 page fault 出现的地址 linear address
   3. CR0
   4. PA -seg-> Logical address -page table-> linear address

 

 

5. MMR (memory management register)
   1. GDTR
   2. IDTR

 

Memory

Memory model

1. 8086 16-bit
   1. real mode
   2. Space: 64KB
2. External address to 20-bit
   1. CS 16bit + IP 16bit
      1. CS code segment for EIP (CPU 只看CS)
      2. SS stack segment for SP and BP
      3. DS data segment for load/store
      4. ES data segment
   2. Space: 1MB
3. 80386 32-bit
   1. Now 64-bit
   2. Protected mode
   3. Boots in 16-bit real mode, switch to 32-bit protected mode
4. 36-bit
   1. 物理地址 2^36 = 64G
   2. OS 4G 可以为不同的 application 映射不同的窗口
   3. Application 不能超过4G
5. 64-bit

 

Physical address space layout

 

Memory-mapped I/O

I/O space 映射 memory space

 

Execution

XV6 booting code

PC emulation

Emulation of devices

1. Hard disk -> file
2. VGA -> host window
3. Keyboard: keyboard API
4. Clock chip: host's clock