Java WEB基础

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 20:08:29 发布

namu_L

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 20:08:29 发布

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分类专栏： Web 文章标签： java 前端 tomcat

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/namu_L/article/details/131321972

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JAVA WEB

1.概念

1.1静态web

1.2动态web

2.web 服务器

Tomcat配置

tomcat启动（IDEA）：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38188047/article/details/111031987

解决idea运行tomcat问题：https://www.cnblogs.com/ibigboy/p/11519412.html

2.1 网站的访问

输入域名进行访问
检查本机host文件中是否有做映射
1. 地址映射：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_47905013/article/details/126521280
2. 有：直接返回ip地址，地址中含有我们需要访问的web程序，可以直接访问
3. 没有：去DNS域名服务器寻找，存在就返回，不存在则返回404

2.2 网站目录结构

2.3 HTTP

面试题：当你在浏览器地址栏中输入地址并回车的一瞬间到页面展示回来，经历了什么？

域名解析
发起TCP的三次握手
建立起TCP连接后发起http请求
服务器响应http请求，浏览器得到html代码
浏览器解析html代码，并请求html代码中的资源（css JavaScript 图片）
浏览器对页面进行渲染呈现

2.3.1、请求

消息头

2.3.2 响应

2.4 maven

IDEA2022版maven配置：https://blog.csdn.net/hgnuxc_1993/article/details/125427590

prom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--maven版本和头文件-->
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <!--配置的GAV-->
    <groupId>com.ren</groupId>
    <artifactId>javaweb-01-maven</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <!--Package:项目的打包方式
    jar：java应用
    war：javaweb应用
    -->
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>javaweb-01-maven Maven Webapp</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>
    <!--配置-->
    <properties>
        <!--项目的默认构建编码-->
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <!--编码版本    -->
        <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <!--项目依赖-->
    <dependencies>
        <!--具体依赖的jar包配置文件-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <!--项目构建的东西-->
    <build>
        <finalName>javaweb-01-maven</finalName>
        <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.8.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.22.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.2.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.5.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.8.2</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

maven资源无法导出问题

<build>
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
    </resources>
</build>

博客园（关于在maven项目中配置文件资源导出问题）：https://www.cnblogs.com/yuqiliu/p/12059614.html：

servlet的web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">
    <!--web.xml配置我们的web核心应用-->
    <!--注册Servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.ren.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <!--一个Servlet对应一个Mapping映射-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <!--请求路径-->
        <url-pattern>/ren</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

2.Servlet

关于maven父子工程的理解：

父项目中存在

<modules>
    <module>servlet-01</module>
</modules>

子项目存在

<parent>
    <artifactId>javaweb-02-servlet</artifactId>
    <groupId>com.ren</groupId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>

父项目中的java子项目可以直接使用

注意点:

建立一个web项目的时候，要先构建一个父项目，然后通过添加模板构建子项目
构建web项目，需要将web.xml文件更为最新（查看本机配置D:\exploitation_Tool\Tomcat\apache-tomcat-9.0.60\webapps\ROOT\WEB-INF下的wen.xml文件）
对于新建的子项目，需要在main文件夹下新建java和sources两个文件夹，并修改文件的属性
Servlet的实现类：HttpServlet、GenericServlet
写完servlet程序以后，要在web.xml进行注册
idea配置Tomcat时没有Artifacts选项
- 解决方案：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_31887267/article/details/90775368
对于web项目当不存在小蓝点的时候可能是路劲存在问题（一定要记得更新maven）
- 解决方案：https://blog.csdn.net/God_stf/article/details/122574385

原理

mapping

优先级

指定了固有的映射路径优先级最高，找不到就会寻找默认的请求

2.1 ServletContext（Servlet上下文）

用于Servlet对象内容的存取

2.1.1 共享数据

context.set

package com.ren.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        context.setAttribute("name","狂神");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

context.get

package com.ren.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String name = (String) context.getAttribute("name");
        //添加编码格式  防止
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");

        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("名字:"+name);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

web.xml

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.ren.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/h1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>get</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.ren.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>get</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/get</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

2.1.2 读取资源文件

package com.ren.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class FileReadDemoServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //文件路径：为target包下的路劲
        //第一个斜杠代表当前路径为target包
        InputStream in = req.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(in);
        String name = properties.getProperty("name");
        String pwd = properties.getProperty("password");
        resp.getWriter().print(name+":"+pwd);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

3.HttpServletResponse

分类

负责向浏览器发送数据

ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;

PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

3.1 文件下载

步骤：

要获取下载文件的路径
下载的文件名是啥？
设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
获取下载文件的输入流
创建缓冲区
获取OutputStream对象
将FileOutputStream流写入到bufer缓冲区
使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端！

package com.ren.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 要获取下载文件的路径
        String realPath = "D:\\exploitation_Tool\\IDEA\\JAVA_File\\ks_javaweb\\javaweb-02-servlet\\response\\src\\main\\resources\\1.png";
        //2. 下载的文件名是啥？
            //截取文件路径的最后一个\\，因为在该斜杠下面就是文件
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        //3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8")防止文件名为中文导致
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8"));
        //4. 创建下载文件的输入流
            //FileInputStream(文件路径)
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        //5. 创建缓冲区
        int len=0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        //6. 获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
        //7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
        //8. 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端！
        while ((len=in.read(buffer))!=-1){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //关闭流
        out.close();
        in.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

3.2 验证码

package com.ren.servlet;

import java.lang.*;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //浏览器3秒刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh", "3");
        //在内存创建一个图片
        //BufferedImage(宽, 高, 图片的颜色)
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到图片  画笔
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
        //设置图片背景色
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        //设置填充大小
        g.fillRect(0, 0, 80, 20);
        //图片写数据
            //设置画笔颜色
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            //设置字体
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
            //画一个字符串
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
        //告诉浏览器请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //网站存在缓存(不缓存)
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }

    //随机数
    private String makeNum() {
        Random random = new Random();
        //生成一个7位的随机数(String类型)
        //random.nextInt(9999999)+""将int转化为String
        String num = String.valueOf(random.nextInt(9999999));
        //字符串拼接StringBuffer
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        //如果随机出来的数字小于7位则添加0
        for (int i = 0; i <7-num.length(); i++) {
            sb.append("0");
        }
        //保证num必须为7位数，如果不为7位则用0填充
        num = sb.toString()+num;
        return num;
    }
}

3.3 重定向

请求转发，路径没有变化

重定向

注意点：使用/imge会使得URL地址栏变为:端口/image 所以要添加tomcat的路径 /r

面试题:重定向和转发的区别

相同点
- 页面都跳转
不同点
- 请求转发，URL地址栏不会变化
- 重定向，URL地址栏会发生改变

Demo

package com.ren.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RequestServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入请求");
        //处理请求
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String pwd = req.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(username+":"+pwd);

        resp.sendRedirect("/response/success.jsp");

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<%--action的路径为项目的路径--%>
<%--${pageContext.request.contextPath} 当前的项目--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
    密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: NM
  Date: 2023/4/18
  Time: 23:47
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Success</h1>
</body>
</html>

4.HttpServletRequest

HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求，用户通过Http协议访问服务器，Http请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest中，通过HttpServletRequest的方法，获得客户端的信息；

获取前端参数以及请求转发

demo

package com.ren.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置中文
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobbies");
        System.out.println("=========================");
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbies));
        System.out.println("=========================");
        //通过请求转发
        //注意路劲问题，这里的/代表当前的web应用
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req, resp);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

5.Session、Cookie

5.1会话

会话保存技术

cookie

客户端技术

session

服务器技术，利用这个技术可保存用户的会话信息，我们可以把信息和数据放在Session中

5.2 cookie

cookie类似于学生证，学会每次进校园都要携带学生证

从请求中拿到cookie信息
从服务器响应给客户端cookie

Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();//获得cookie
cookie.getName();//获得cookie中的key
cookie.getValue();//获得cookie的value
new Cookie("Time", System.currentTimeMillis() + "");//创建一个cookie
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);//设置cookie的有效期
resp.addCookie(cookie);//响应

一个cookie只能保存一个信息
一个web站点可以给浏览器发送多个cookie，最多存放20个cookie
cookie大小限制为4kb

删除cookie：

不设置有效期，关闭浏览器
设置有效期为0

demo

package com.ren.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;

//保存用户上一次访问的时间
public class CookieDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //服务器告诉你，你来的时间，把这个时间封装为一个信件，你下次来的时候带来，我就知道你来过了

        //解决中文
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        //cookie，服务器从客户端获取cookie
        Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
        //判断cookie是否存在
        if (cookies != null) {
            //如果存在遍历cookies数组
            out.write("你上次访问的时间");
            for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
                Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
                //获取cookie的名字
                if (cookie.getName().equals("Time")) {
                    //获取cookie中的值  时间是Date
                    //需要将获得的字符串解析为长整形在转化为Date对象
                    long Time = Long.parseLong(cookie.getValue());
                    Date date = new Date(Time);
                    //将data转化为String
                    out.write(date.toLocaleString());
                }
            }
        } else {
            //浏览器界面显示写内容
            out.write("这是你第一次来访问");
        }
        //服务器给客户端响应一个cookie
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("Time", System.currentTimeMillis() + "");
        //设置cookie有效存活时间
        cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);

        resp.addCookie(cookie);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

中文解决方案

5.3 Session

Session类似于每个学校的学生名单，通过学号（ID）进行区别，学生可以通过学号进入校园

package com.ren.servlet;

import com.ren.pojo.Person;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //解决问题
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //得到Session
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        //给Session存东西
        session.setAttribute("person", new Person("小红",18));
        //获取Session的ID
        String id = session.getId();
        //判断Session是不是新创建的.
        if (session.isNew()) {
            resp.getWriter().write("Session是新创建的，ID："+id);
        }else {
            resp.getWriter().write("Session已经存在，ID："+id);
        }
        //Session创建做的事情
//        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID",id);
//        resp.addCookie(cookie);


    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

package com.ren.servlet;

import com.ren.pojo.Person;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //中文
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

        //得到Session
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        Person person = (Person) session.getAttribute("person");
        System.out.println(person);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

session注销

方式一：手动注销

方式二：xml配置文件注销

<!--设置session的失效时间-->
<session-config>
    <!--以为分钟为单位-->
    <session-timeout>1</session-timeout>
</session-config>

Session和cookie的区别

Cookie是把用户的数据写给用户的浏览器，浏览器保存
Session把用户的数据写到用户独占的Session中，服务端保存
Session对象由服务创建

6.JSP

原理

因此jsp就是一个Servlet程序

//初始化
  public void _jspInit() {
      
  }
//销毁
  public void _jspDestroy() {
  }
//JSPService
  public void _jspService(.HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)

判断请求

内置一些对象

final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;  //页面上下文
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;    //session
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;   //applicationContext
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;         //config
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;           //out
final java.lang.Object page = this;               //page：当前
HttpServletRequest request                        //请求
HttpServletResponse response                      //响应
12345678

输出页面前增加的代码

response.setContentType("text/html");       //设置响应的页面类型
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
       null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;

在这里插入图片描述

在JSP页面中；

只要是 JAVA代码就会原封不动的输出；

如果是HTML代码，就会被转换为：

out.write("<html>\r\n");

这样的格式，输出到前端！

6.1 jsp基础语法

maven依赖

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp.jstl/jstl-api -->
        <!--JSTL表达式的依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--standard标签库-->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/taglibs/standard -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

<%@ page import="java.util.Date" %><%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: NM
  Date: 2023/4/19
  Time: 16:09
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--JSP表达式
作用：将程序的输出，输出到客户端
<%= 变量或表达式%>
--%>
<%=new Date()%>
<hr>
<%--jsp脚本片段--%>
<%
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
        sum += i;
    }
    out.print("<h1>Sum=" + sum + "</h1>");
%>
<%--脚本片段的再实现--%>
<%
    int x = 10;
    out.println(x);
%>
<p>这是一个JSP文档</p>
<%
    int y = 2;
    out.println(y);
%>

<%--jsp声明：会被编译到JSP生成的java的类中，其他的，就会被生成到_jspService方法中！--%>
<%!
    static {
        System.out.println("Loading Servlet!");
    }

    private int globalVar = 0;

    public void kuang(){
        System.out.println("进入了方法Kuang！");
    }
%>

<hr>


<%--在代码嵌入HTML元素--%>
<%
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
%>
<h1>Hello,World  <%=i%> </h1>
<%
    }
%>

</body>
</html>

6.2 JSP指令

<%@page args.... %>
<%@include file=""%>

<%--@include会将两个页面合二为一--%>

<%@include file="common/header.jsp"%>
<h1>网页主体</h1>

<%@include file="common/footer.jsp"%>

<hr>


<%--jSP标签
    jsp:include：拼接页面，本质还是三个
    --%>
<jsp:include page="/common/header.jsp"/>
<h1>网页主体</h1>
<jsp:include page="/common/footer.jsp"/>

6.3 9大内置对象

PageContext 存东西
Request 存东西
Response
Session 存东西
Application 【SerlvetContext】存东西
config 【SerlvetConfig】
out
page ，不用了解
exception

pageContext.setAttribute("name1","秦疆1号"); //保存的数据只在一个页面中有效
request.setAttribute("name2","秦疆2号"); //保存的数据只在一次请求中有效，请求转发会携带这个数据
session.setAttribute("name3","秦疆3号"); //保存的数据只在一次会话中有效，从打开浏览器到关闭浏览器
application.setAttribute("name4","秦疆4号");  //保存的数据只在服务器中有效，从打开服务器到关闭服务器
1234

在这里插入图片描述

request：客户端向服务器发送请求，产生的数据，用户看完就没用了，比如：新闻，用户看完没用的！

session：客户端向服务器发送请求，产生的数据，用户用完一会还有用，比如：购物车；

application：客户端向服务器发送请求，产生的数据，一个用户用完了，其他用户还可能使用，比如：聊天数据

6.4 标签

JSP标签

<%--jsp:include--%>

<%--
http://localhost:8080/jsptag.jsp?name=kuangshen&age=12
--%>

<jsp:forward page="/jsptag2.jsp">
    <jsp:param name="name" value="kuangshen"></jsp:param>
    <jsp:param name="age" value="12"></jsp:param>
</jsp:forward>

jstl标签

JSTL标签库使用步骤

引入对应的 taglib
使用其中的方法
在Tomcat 也需要引入 jstl的包，否则会报错：JSTL解析错误

c：if

<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>


<h4>if测试</h4>

<hr>

<form action="coreif.jsp" method="get">
    <%--
    EL表达式获取表单中的数据
    ${param.参数名}
    --%>
    <input type="text" name="username" value="${param.username}">
    <input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>

<%--判断如果提交的用户名是管理员，则登录成功--%>
<c:if test="${param.username=='admin'}" var="isAdmin">
    <c:out value="管理员欢迎您！"/>
</c:if>

<%--自闭合标签--%>
<c:out value="${isAdmin}"/>

</body>

c:choose c:when

<body>

<%--定义一个变量score，值为85--%>
<c:set var="score" value="55"/>

<c:choose>
    <c:when test="${score>=90}">
        你的成绩为优秀
    </c:when>
    <c:when test="${score>=80}">
        你的成绩为一般
    </c:when>
    <c:when test="${score>=70}">
        你的成绩为良好
    </c:when>
    <c:when test="${score<=60}">
        你的成绩为不及格
    </c:when>
</c:choose>

</body>

c:forEach

<%

    ArrayList<String> people = new ArrayList<>();
    people.add(0,"张三");
    people.add(1,"李四");
    people.add(2,"王五");
    people.add(3,"赵六");
    people.add(4,"田六");
    request.setAttribute("list",people);
%>


<%--
var , 每一次遍历出来的变量
items, 要遍历的对象
begin,   哪里开始
end,     到哪里
step,   步长
--%>
<c:forEach var="people" items="${list}">
    <c:out value="${people}"/> <br>
</c:forEach>

<hr>

<c:forEach var="people" items="${list}" begin="1" end="3" step="1" >
    <c:out value="${people}"/> <br>
</c:forEach>

7 MVC架构

Model

业务处理：业务逻辑（Service）
数据持久层：CRUD （Dao - 数据持久化对象）

View

展示数据
提供链接发起Servlet请求（a，form，img…）

Controller （Servlet）

接收用户的请求：（req：请求参数、Session信息….）
交给业务层处理对应的代码
控制视图的跳转

登录--->接收用户的登录请求--->处理用户的请求（获取用户登录的参数，username，password）---->交给业务层处理登录业务（判断用户名密码是否正确：事务）--->Dao层查询用户名和密码是否正确-->数据库

8.Filter

public class ShowServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.getWriter().write("你好世界");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

package com.xx.filter;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
    //初始化
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("初始化");
    }

    @Override
    //filterChain：链
    /*
     * 1.过滤器中的所有代码在过滤特定请求的时候都会执行
     * 2.必须让过滤器继续执行
     *  filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
     */
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter执行前");
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter执行后");
    }

    //销毁
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("销毁");
    }
}

<filter>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.xx.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <!--只要是/servlet的任何请求，都会经过过滤器 -->
    <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>