Singleton Pattern

GoF Definition: Ensure a class only has one instance, and provide a global point of access to it.

实现方式：

1.饿汉式

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton uniqueInstance = new Singleton();
    private Singleton(){
      
    }
    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance(){
        return uniqueInstance;
    }
}

2.懒汉式

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton uniqueInstance = null;
    private Singleton(){

    }
    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance(){
        if(uniqueInstance == null){
            uniqueInstance = new Singleton();
        }
        return uniqueInstance;
    }
}

3.双重检查版

public class Singleton {
	private volatile static Singleton instance = null;
	private Singleton(){
	    //
	}
	public static  Singleton getInstance(){
		if(instance == null){
			synchronized(Singleton.class){
				if(instance == null){
					instance = new Singleton();
				}
			}
		}
		return instance;
	}
}

4.静态内部类实现

public class Singleton {
	private static class SingletonHolder{
		private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
	}
	private Singleton(){
	}
	public static  Singleton getInstance(){
		return SingletonHolder.instance;
	}
}

5.枚举实现

public enum Singleton {	
	uniqueInstance;
}

Exercise:    利用缓存实现某对象仅有3个实例

public class Three {
	private final static String DEFAULT_PREKEY = "Cache";
	private static Map<String,Three> map = new HashMap<String,Three>();
	private static int num = 1;
	private final static int NUM_MAX = 3; 
	private Three(){}
	public static three getInstance(){
		String key = DEFAULT_PREKEY+num;
		Three three = map.get(key);
		if(three==null){
			three = new Three();
			map.put(key, three);
		}
		num++;
		if(num > NUM_MAX){
			num = 1;
		}
		return three;		
	}
}