BFC(Block formatting context)
直译为块级格式化上下文,把BFC理解成一块独立的渲染区域,BFC看成是元素的一种属性, 当元素拥有了BFC属性后,这个元素就可以看做成隔离了的独立容器。容器内的元素不会影响容器外的元素。
BFC属于普通流
把BFC理解成一块独立的渲染区域,BFC看成是元素的一种属性, 当元素拥有了BFC属性后,这个元素就可以看做成隔离了的独立容器。
### 如何触发BFC,如何为元素添加BFC这个属性呢
1.根元素 (<html>)
2.浮动元素(元素的float值不是none)
3.绝对定位(元素的position为absolute或fixed)
4.display为inline-block、table-cell、table-caption、table、table-row、table-row-group、
table-header-group、table-footer-group、inline-table、flow-root、flex或 inline-flex、grid或 inline-grid
5.overflow值不为visible的元素 即为 overflow:hidden;
6.contain的值为layout-content,paint的元素
BFC特性和作用
1.可以避免外边距重叠
<!--
* @Author: [jsh]
* @Date: 2021-09-28 15:04:46
* @LastEditors: [jsh]
* @LastEditTime: 2021-09-28 16:41:02
* @Description:
-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>8-BFC</title>
<style>
.cube{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: cyan;
margin: 100px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="cube"></div>
<div class="cube"></div>
</body>
</html>
本应该上面div的margin-bottom和下面div的margin-top都为100px,呈现200px的外边距,但是块的上外边距和下外边距会合并为单个边距,取最大值,如果margin相等,则仅为一个,这就是外边距重叠。
解决办法
把两个div包裹在两个不同container容器中,用over-hidden触发container的BFC
.container{
overflow: hidden;
}
修改后的代码:
<!--
* @Author: [jsh]
* @Date: 2021-09-28 15:04:46
* @LastEditors: [jsh]
* @LastEditTime: 2021-09-28 16:47:40
* @Description:
-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>8-BFC</title>
<style>
.cube{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: cyan;
margin: 100px;
}
.container{
/*BFC触发*/
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="cube"></div>
</div>
<div class="cube"></div>
</body>
</html>
2.清除浮动
正常我们希望的是看到一圈红色边框包裹着一个天蓝色方块,但是父元素失去了高度支撑;因为我们添加了浮动,使得子元素脱离了文档流,所以只剩下20px边距高度,同样,我们可以通过overflow属性触发父容器的BFC,从而达到清除浮动效果。
### css代码:
.parent{
border: 10px solid red;
}
.child{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: cyan;
float: left;
}
### html代码
<div class="parent">
<div class="child"></div>
</div>
### 解决办法 给父元素设置overflow属性触发父容器的BFC
.parent{
border: 10px solid red;
overflow: hidden;
}
未触发父容器的BFC之前:
<!--
* @Author: [jsh]
* @Date: 2021-09-28 15:13:17
* @LastEditors: [jsh]
* @LastEditTime: 2021-09-28 16:55:39
* @Description:
-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>9-清除浮动</title>
<style>
.parent{
border: 10px solid red;
/* BFC未触发 */
}
.child{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: cyan;
float: left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="parent">
<div class="child">
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
触发父容器的BFC之后:
<!--
* @Author: [jsh]
* @Date: 2021-09-28 15:13:17
* @LastEditors: [jsh]
* @LastEditTime: 2021-09-28 16:55:39
* @Description:
-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>9-清除浮动</title>
<style>
.parent{
border: 10px solid red;
/* BFC触发 */
overflow: hidden;
}
.child{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: cyan;
float: left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="parent">
<div class="child">
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
3.阻止元素被浮动元素覆盖
给一个元素添加浮动属性,覆盖了另一个元素;如果不要覆盖,触发被覆盖元素的BFC属性
css代码
.cube1{
width: 100px;
height:100px;
background-color: cyan;
float: left;
}
.cube2{
width: 200px;
height:200px;
background-color: red;
}
html代码:
<div class="cube1"></div>
<div class="cube2"></div>
解决办法
在cube2中添加BFC触发:overflow:hidden;
.cube2{
width: 200px;
height:200px;
background-color: red;
overflow: hidden;
}
未触发BFC之前完整代码及结果图:
<!--
* @Author: [jsh]
* @Date: 2021-09-28 15:18:29
* @LastEditors: [jsh]
* @LastEditTime: 2021-09-28 17:12:24
* @Description:
-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>阻止元素被浮动元素覆盖</title>
<style>
.cube1{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: red;
float: left;
}
.cube2{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: blue;
/*overflow: hidden;*/
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="cube1"></div>
<div class="cube2"></div>
</body>
</html>
触发BFC之后完整代码及结果图:
<!--
* @Author: [jsh]
* @Date: 2021-09-28 15:18:29
* @LastEditors: [jsh]
* @LastEditTime: 2021-09-28 17:12:24
* @Description:
-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>阻止元素被浮动元素覆盖</title>
<style>
.cube1{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: red;
float: left;
}
.cube2{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: blue;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="cube1"></div>
<div class="cube2"></div>
</body>
</html>
本文重点用overflow:hidden;这个BFC触发