Activit与LDAP的集成

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-13 11:23:53 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-03-13 11:23:53 发布
阅读量339 收藏
点赞数
分类专栏： Activiti 文章标签： activiti ldap 集成 directory server
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/nanquan/article/details/84225459
版权

在Activiti的User Guide(5.9)里, 有介绍activiti与LDAP的集成示例. 

 

 

<userTask id="task" name="My Task" activiti:assignee="${ldapService.findManagerForEmployee(emp)}"/>

This also works similar for candidate users and groups:

<userTask id="task" name="My Task" activiti:candidateUsers="${ldapService.findAllSales()}"/>

Note that this will only work if the return type of the invoked methods is String or Collection<String> (for candidate users and groups):

            
public class FakeLdapService {
  
  public String findManagerForEmployee(String employee) {
    return "Kermit The Frog";
  }
  
  public List<String> findAllSales() {
    return Arrays.asList("kermit", "gonzo", "fozzie");
  }

}

 

 

ldapService是在spring容器里的bean.

这种方法比较适用于单纯的为一个task指定assignee或者candidateUsers, 也就是一个或多个user.

但是对于有group关联的情况就无能为力 了.

 

 

还有一种集成方式是通过改变activiti里的UserManager和GroupManager实现来集成ldap.

这种实现方式会用到Apache LDAP API(1.0.0-M12). 

 

首先. 改变activiti配置文件.

 

activiti.cfg-mem-ldap.xml

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

  <bean id="processEngineConfiguration" class="org.activiti.engine.impl.cfg.StandaloneInMemProcessEngineConfiguration">
  
  	<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost/activiti" />
    <property name="jdbcDriver" value="org.h2.Driver" />
    <property name="jdbcUsername" value="sa" />
    <property name="jdbcPassword" value="" />
    <property name="databaseSchemaUpdate" value="true" />
    
    <property name="customSessionFactories">
      <list>
        <bean class="nanquan.test.ldap.LDAPUserManagerFactory">
          <constructor-arg ref="ldapConnectionParams" />
        </bean>
        <bean class="nanquan.test.ldap.LDAPGroupManagerFactory">
          <constructor-arg ref="ldapConnectionParams" />
        </bean>
      </list>
    </property>
    
  </bean>
  
  <bean id="ldapConnectionParams" class="nanquan.test.ldap.LDAPConnectionParams
">
    <property name="ldapServer" value="LDAP_IP" />
    <property name="ldapPort" value="389" />
    <property name="ldapUser" value="uid=admin,dc=users,dc=its" />
    <property name="ldapPassword" value="PASSWORD" />
  </bean> 

</beans>
 

在customSessionFactories属性里配置我们自定义的factories.

 

下面是两个factories和他们的服务对象.

 

LDAPUserManagerFactory.

 

 

import org.activiti.engine.impl.interceptor.Session;
import org.activiti.engine.impl.interceptor.SessionFactory;
import org.activiti.engine.impl.persistence.entity.UserManager;

public class LDAPUserManagerFactory implements SessionFactory {

	private LDAPConnectionParams connectionParams;
	
	public LDAPUserManagerFactory(LDAPConnectionParams params) {
		this.connectionParams = params;
	}
	
	@Override
  public Class<?> getSessionType() {
	  return UserManager.class;
  }

	@Override
  public Session openSession() {
	  return new LDAPUserManager(connectionParams);
  }

}

 

LDAPUserManager.

 

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

import org.activiti.engine.ActivitiException;
import org.activiti.engine.identity.User;
import org.activiti.engine.impl.Page;
import org.activiti.engine.impl.UserQueryImpl;
import org.activiti.engine.impl.persistence.entity.UserEntity;
import org.activiti.engine.impl.persistence.entity.UserManager;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.directory.ldap.client.api.LdapConnection;
import org.apache.directory.ldap.client.api.LdapNetworkConnection;
import org.apache.directory.shared.ldap.model.cursor.EntryCursor;
import org.apache.directory.shared.ldap.model.entry.Attribute;
import org.apache.directory.shared.ldap.model.entry.Entry;
import org.apache.directory.shared.ldap.model.message.BindRequestImpl;
import org.apache.directory.shared.ldap.model.message.BindResponse;
import org.apache.directory.shared.ldap.model.message.ResultCodeEnum;
import org.apache.directory.shared.ldap.model.message.SearchScope;
import org.apache.directory.shared.ldap.model.name.Dn;

public class LDAPUserManager extends UserManager {

//	private static final String USER_GROUP = "ou=users,ou=system";
	private static final String USER_GROUP = "dc=users,DC=ITS";

	private LDAPConnectionParams connectionParams;

	public LDAPUserManager(LDAPConnectionParams params) {
		this.connectionParams = params;
	}

	@Override
	public User createNewUser(String userId) {
		throw new ActivitiException(
				"LDAP user manager doesn't support creating a new user");
	}

	@Override
	public void insertUser(User user) {
		throw new ActivitiException(
				"LDAP user manager doesn't support inserting a new user");
	}

	@Override
	public void updateUser(User updatedUser) {
		throw new ActivitiException(
				"LDAP user manager doesn't support updating a user");
	}

	@Override
	public UserEntity findUserById(String userId) {
		throw new ActivitiException(
				"LDAP user manager doesn't support finding a user by id");
	}

	@Override
	public void deleteUser(String userId) {
		throw new ActivitiException(
				"LDAP user manager doesn't support deleting a user");
	}

	@Override
	public List<User> findUserByQueryCriteria(Object query, Page page) {

		List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();

		// Query is a UserQueryImpl instance
		UserQueryImpl userQuery = (UserQueryImpl) query;
		StringBuilder searchQuery = new StringBuilder();
		if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(userQuery.getId())) {
			searchQuery.append("(uid=").append(userQuery.getId()).append(")");

		} else if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(userQuery.getLastName())) {
			searchQuery.append("(sn=").append(userQuery.getLastName())
					.append(")");

		} else {
			searchQuery.append("(uid=*)");
		}
		LdapConnection connection = LDAPConnectionUtil
				.openConnection(connectionParams);
		try {
			EntryCursor search = connection.search(USER_GROUP,
					searchQuery.toString(), SearchScope.ONELEVEL, "*");
			while (search.next()) {
				User user = new UserEntity();
				Entry entry = search.get();
				Collection<Attribute> attributes = entry.getAttributes();
				for (Attribute attribute : attributes) {
					String key = attribute.getId();
					if ("uid".equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {
						user.setId(attribute.getString());

					} else if ("sn".equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {
						user.setLastName(attribute.getString());

					} else if ("cn".equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {
						user.setFirstName(attribute.getString().replace("cn:", "").trim());
//						user.setFirstName(attribute.getString().substring(0,
//								attribute.getString().indexOf(" ")));
					}
				}
				userList.add(user);
			}

			search.close();

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			throw new ActivitiException("LDAP connection search failure", e);
		}

		LDAPConnectionUtil.closeConnection(connection);

		return userList;
	}

	@Override
	public long findUserCountByQueryCriteria(Object query) {
		return findUserByQueryCriteria(query, null).size();
	}

	@Override
	public Boolean checkPassword(String userId, String password) {
		boolean credentialsValid = false;
		LdapNetworkConnection connection = new LdapNetworkConnection(
				connectionParams.getLdapServer(),
				connectionParams.getLdapPort());
		try {
//			connection.bind("uid=" + userId + ","
//					+ USER_GROUP, password);
			BindRequestImpl bindRequest = new BindRequestImpl();
			Dn dn = new Dn("uid=" + userId + ","
					+ USER_GROUP);
			bindRequest.setDn(dn );
			bindRequest.setCredentials(password);
			BindResponse response = connection.bind(bindRequest);
			if (response.getLdapResult().getResultCode() == ResultCodeEnum.SUCCESS) {
				credentialsValid = true;
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			throw new ActivitiException("LDAP connection bind failure", e);
		}

		LDAPConnectionUtil.closeConnection(connection);

		return credentialsValid;
	}
}

 

 

LDAPGroupManagerFactory.

 

import org.activiti.engine.impl.interceptor.Session;
import org.activiti.engine.impl.interceptor.SessionFactory;
import org.activiti.engine.impl.persistence.entity.GroupManager;

public class LDAPGroupManagerFactory implements SessionFactory {

	private LDAPConnectionParams connectionParams;
	
	public LDAPGroupManagerFactory(LDAPConnectionParams params) {
		this.connectionParams = params;
	}
	
	@Override
  public Class<?> getSessionType() {
	  return GroupManager.class;
  }

	@Override
  public Session openSession() {
	  return new LDAPGroupManager(connectionParams);
  }

}

 

 

LDAPGroupManager 

 

 

 

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

import org.activiti.engine.ActivitiException;
import org.activiti.engine.identity.Group;
import org.activiti.engine.impl.GroupQueryImpl;
import org.activiti.engine.impl.Page;
import org.activiti.engine.impl.persistence.entity.GroupEntity;
import org.activiti.engine.impl.persistence.entity.GroupManager;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.directory.ldap.client.api.LdapConnection;
import org.apache.directory.shared.ldap.model.cursor.EntryCursor;
import org.apache.directory.shared.ldap.model.entry.Attribute;
import org.apache.directory.shared.ldap.model.entry.Entry;
import org.apache.directory.shared.ldap.model.message.SearchScope;

public class LDAPGroupManager extends GroupManager {

//	private static final String USER_ENTRY = "ou=users,ou=system";
//	private static final String GROUP_ENTRY = "ou=groups,ou=system";
	
	private static final String USER_ENTRY = "dc=users,DC=ITS";
	private static final String GROUP_ENTRY = "dc=groups,DC=ITS";

	private LDAPConnectionParams connectionParams;

	public LDAPGroupManager(LDAPConnectionParams params) {
		this.connectionParams = params;
	}

	@Override
	public Group createNewGroup(String groupId) {
		throw new ActivitiException(
				"LDAP group manager doesn't support creating a new group");
	}

	@Override
	public void insertGroup(Group group) {
		throw new ActivitiException(
				"LDAP group manager doesn't support inserting a new group");
	}

	@Override
	public void updateGroup(Group updatedGroup) {
		throw new ActivitiException(
				"LDAP group manager doesn't support updating a new group");
	}

	@Override
	public void deleteGroup(String groupId) {
		throw new ActivitiException(
				"LDAP group manager doesn't support deleting a new group");
	}

	@Override
	public List<Group> findGroupByQueryCriteria(Object query, Page page) {
		List<Group> groupList = new ArrayList<Group>();

		// Query is a GroupQueryImpl instance
		GroupQueryImpl groupQuery = (GroupQueryImpl) query;
		StringBuilder searchQuery = new StringBuilder();
		if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(groupQuery.getId())) {
			searchQuery.append("(cn=").append(groupQuery.getId()).append(")");

		} else if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(groupQuery.getName())) {
			searchQuery.append("(cn=").append(groupQuery.getName()).append(")");

		} else if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(groupQuery.getUserId())) {
			searchQuery.append("(uniqueMember= uid=")
					.append(groupQuery.getUserId())
					.append("," + USER_ENTRY + ")");

		} else {
			searchQuery.append("(cn=*)");
		}
		LdapConnection connection = LDAPConnectionUtil
				.openConnection(connectionParams);
		try {
			EntryCursor search = connection.search(GROUP_ENTRY,
					searchQuery.toString(), SearchScope.ONELEVEL, "*");

			while (search.next()) {
				Group group = new GroupEntity();
				Entry entry = search.get();
				Collection<Attribute> attributes = entry.getAttributes();
				for (Attribute attribute : attributes) {
					String key = attribute.getId();
					if ("cn".equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {
						group.setId(attribute.getString());
						group.setName(attribute.getString());
					}
				}
				groupList.add(group);
			}

			search.close();

		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new ActivitiException("LDAP connection search failure", e);
		}

		LDAPConnectionUtil.closeConnection(connection);

		return groupList;
	}

	@Override
	public long findGroupCountByQueryCriteria(Object query) {
		return findGroupByQueryCriteria(query, null).size();
	}

	@Override
	public GroupEntity findGroupById(String groupId) {
		throw new ActivitiException(
				"LDAP group manager doesn't support finding a group by id");
	}

	@Override
	public List<Group> findGroupsByUser(String userId) {
		List<Group> groupList = new ArrayList<Group>();

		LdapConnection connection = LDAPConnectionUtil
				.openConnection(connectionParams);
		try {
			EntryCursor search = connection.search(GROUP_ENTRY,
					"(uniqueMember= uid=" + userId + "," + USER_ENTRY + ")",
					SearchScope.ONELEVEL, "*");

			while (search.next()) {
				Group group = new GroupEntity();
				Entry entry = search.get();
				Collection<Attribute> attributes = entry.getAttributes();
				for (Attribute attribute : attributes) {
					String key = attribute.getId();
					if ("cn".equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {
						group.setId(attribute.getString());
						group.setName(attribute.getString());
					}
				}
				groupList.add(group);
			}

			search.close();

		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new ActivitiException("LDAP connection search failure", e);
		}

		LDAPConnectionUtil.closeConnection(connection);

		return groupList;
	}
}

 

LDAPConnectionParams 

 

 

public class LDAPConnectionParams {
	
	private String ldapServer;
	private int ldapPort;
	private String ldapUser;
	private String ldapPassword;
	
	public String getLdapServer() {
  	return ldapServer;
  }
	public void setLdapServer(String ldapServer) {
  	this.ldapServer = ldapServer;
  }
	public int getLdapPort() {
  	return ldapPort;
  }
	public void setLdapPort(int ldapPort) {
  	this.ldapPort = ldapPort;
  }
	public String getLdapUser() {
  	return ldapUser;
  }
	public void setLdapUser(String ldapUser) {
  	this.ldapUser = ldapUser;
  }
	public String getLdapPassword() {
  	return ldapPassword;
  }
	public void setLdapPassword(String ldapPassword) {
  	this.ldapPassword = ldapPassword;
  }
}

 

LDAPConnectionUtil 

 

import org.activiti.engine.ActivitiException;
import org.apache.directory.ldap.client.api.LdapConnection;
import org.apache.directory.ldap.client.api.LdapNetworkConnection;

public class LDAPConnectionUtil {

	public static LdapConnection openConnection(LDAPConnectionParams connectionParams) {
		LdapConnection connection = new LdapNetworkConnection(connectionParams.getLdapServer(), connectionParams.getLdapPort());
	  try {
	    connection.bind(connectionParams.getLdapUser(), connectionParams.getLdapPassword());
    } catch (Exception e) {
	    throw new ActivitiException("LDAP connection open failure", e);
    }
	  return connection;
	}
	
	public static void closeConnection(LdapConnection connection) {
		try {
	  	connection.unBind();
	  	connection.close();
	  } catch (Exception e) {
	    throw new ActivitiException("LDAP connection close failure", e);
    }
	}
}

 

简单的测试类:

LdapTest 

 

 

public class LdapTest {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String path = "activiti.cfg-mem-ldap.xml";
		Resource resource = new ClassPathResource(path);
		BeanFactory beanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
		
		LDAPConnectionParams connectionParams = (LDAPConnectionParams) beanFactory.getBean("ldapConnectionParams");
		LDAPUserManager userManager = new LDAPUserManager(connectionParams);
		LDAPGroupManager groupManager = new LDAPGroupManager(connectionParams);
		
		Boolean checkPassword = userManager.checkPassword("admin", "passw0rd");
		System.out.println(checkPassword);
		
		UserQueryImpl query = new UserQueryImpl();
		query.userId("admin");
		long size = userManager.findUserCountByQueryCriteria(query);
		System.out.println(size);
		
		GroupQueryImpl groupQuery = new GroupQueryImpl();
		groupQuery.groupId("AdminGroup");
		long groupSize = groupManager.findGroupCountByQueryCriteria(groupQuery);
		System.out.println(groupSize);
		
	}

}

 

执行一下看看是否可以正常执行.

 

需要注意的是

 

private static final String USER_GROUP = "dc=users,DC=ITS";

 

 

private static final String USER_ENTRY = "dc=users,DC=ITS";
private static final String GROUP_ENTRY = "dc=groups,DC=ITS";
 

这几个常量需要根据实际情况来调整, 当然最好可以放到配置文件里.

 

 

参考自

http://code.google.com/p/activitiinaction/source/browse/trunk/bpmn-examples/src/main/resources/chapter10/ldap/activiti.cfg-mem-ldap.xml?spec=svn205&r=205

这里面用到的Apache LDAP API比较老, 我做了一些调整.

 

 

nanquan
关注
  • 0
    点赞
  • 踩
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
专栏目录
spring-boot-activiti-restful：与Activiti，Drools，LDAP，MySQL，ActiveMQ，Jasper Report，带有SwaggerUI的Restful API，AngularJS + Ionic等的Spring-boot集成
02-05
Spring启动活动休息 与Activiti，Drools，LDAP，MySQL，带有SwaggerUI的Restful API，AngularJS + Ionic等的Spring-boot集成。 什么？ 使用SpringBoot框架来设置RESTful API包装Activiti API。 并使用Swagger-UI可视化RESTful API，以及与API交互HTML5（Ionic）前端。 怎么样？ 后端 cd spring-boot-activiti-restful mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring.profiles.active=dev 前端 cd Web
Activiti工作流Day16-集成LDAP
攻城狮Chova的博客
12-06 926
Activiti集成LDAPActiviti集成LDAP简介用法用例配置属性 Activiti集成LDAP简介 企业在LDAP系统中保存了用户和群组信息,Activiti提供了一种解决方案,通过简单的配置就可以让activit连接LDAP 用法 要想在项目中集成LDAP,需要在pom.xml中添加activiti-ldap依赖: <dependency> <group...
Activit与LDAP的集成到与现有业务系统组织人员集成
轻耘智科技CTO 尤胜荣 的专栏
07-12 290
     之前做一个基于JBPM4.4的工作流系统，当中涉及到工作流中的人员与原有系统组织人员的整合的工作，通过实现IdentitySession接口来完成调用现有系统的人员和组代码如下        最近新的系统中考虑用Jbpm的升级版本Activiti，因为activiti的底层不再依赖hibernate，可以更加灵活的使用，并且也完美支持BPMN2.0协议。在新系统开发中也遇到...
activiti-ldap-integration
weixin_34166472的博客
06-30 90
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19488764/activiti-ldap-integration https://community.alfresco.com/thread/220859-aciviti-513-ldap-integration https://www.oschina.net/question/2921378_2198458
SSL handshake failed: LDAP链接失败解决方法
最新发布
csgeorge2016的博客
03-13 1196
怀疑证书无效或者过期，去到应用端服务器，检查证书有效期，果然是证书过期。
Activiti 5.13 用户手册(中文版)
03-30
此外，还支持与 LDAP 或其他身份验证系统集成，实现统一的权限管理。 9. **持久化**：Activiti 使用关系数据库存储流程实例和历史数据，确保了数据的可靠性和可恢复性。它默认使用 H2 数据库，但也支持 MySQL、...
Activiti 5.16 用户手册
07-21
7. **用户和组管理**：讲解了Activiti的身份管理机制，包括用户、组的创建和管理，以及与外部身份提供者（如LDAP）的集成。 8. **监控和审计**：涵盖了Activiti提供的报表和监控工具，帮助用户分析流程执行情况，...
activiti工作流需要的包及其他包
11-26
可以集成企业目录服务，如LDAP，进行身份验证和授权。 7. **其他依赖包**：除了上述核心组件，5.22.0版本可能还包括了对Spring框架的支持，用于整合到企业应用中；可能还有对MyBatis的依赖，作为持久层的实现；以及...
activiti-5.18使用说明
01-20
它也支持与LDAP、Active Directory等身份验证系统集成，以强化安全性。 10. 流程版本管理： Activiti 支持流程定义的版本管理，这意味着你可以发布新版本的流程，而不会中断正在运行的实例。这对于持续改进和迭代...
apacheds ldap api实现客户端的增删改查
qq_24186017的博客
03-17 619
pom依赖 <!-- LDAP client端 --> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.directory.api/api-all --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.directory.api</groupId> <artifact
Activiti 自定义用户管理和组管理
热门推荐
持续关注中。。。
01-10 1万+
Activiti 自定义用户管理和组管理最近在研究如何自定义Activiti用户和组管理模块（Example：连接keystone用户管理模块，实际当中使用时当然可以将keystone转变为其他第三方用户管理模块），整理了一下心得，避免后人踩坑。本文站立在activiti源代码中的activiti-webapp-rest2模块的肩膀上。借助大神—Nadav Azaria— 2012年的文章《Acti
apacheds的客户端
weixin_34384681的博客
07-14 275
Apache DS管理的JAVA实现 LdapConnection connection = new LdapNetworkConnection("localhost", 10389); //检测连接状态     @Test     public void testSimpleBindRequest() throws LdapException {         connection.bind(...
Liferay7 BPM门户开发之11: Activiti工作流程开发的一些统一规则和实现原理（完整版）...
昕友软件博客
10-28 243
注意：以下规则是我为了规范流程的处理过程，不是Activiti公司的官方规定。 1、流程启动需要设置启动者，在Demo程序中，“启动者变量”名统一设置为initUserId 启动时要做的： identityService.setAuthenticatedUserId(initUserId); processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessI...
Apache DS管理的JAVA实现
^天*@使&是)个￥%)Boy@！
08-20 1140
//设置连接 LdapConnection connection = new LdapNetworkConnection("localhost", 10389); //检测连接状态 @Test public void testSimpleBindRequest() throws LdapException { connection.bind("uid=admin,ou=system",
如何使用LdapConnection 类链接 Ldap服务器
10-25 4105
如何使用LdapConnection 类链接 Ldap服务器 C#提供了 LdapConnection 类用于连接Microsoft Active Directory 域服务或 LDAP 服务器的 TCP/IP 或 UDP LDAP 连接。   LdapConnection 类 LdapConnection 类创建与 Microsoft Active Directory 或 LDAP
activiti6超详细教程
萌新比克o的博客
12-16 7386
1.activiti6表说明 ACT_RE_ *：RE代表repository。具有此前缀的表包含静态信息，例如流程定义和流程资源（图像，规则等）。 ​ ACT_RU_ *：RU代表runtime。这些是运行时表，其中包含流程实例，用户任务，变量，作业等的运行时数据。Activiti仅在流程实例执行期间存储运行时数据，并在流程实例结束时删除记录。这样可以使运行时表较小而又快速。 ​ ACT_I...
如何使用LdapConnection 类 （1）链接 Ldap服务器
shinfocom
08-31 418
C#提供了 LdapConnection 类用于连接Microsoft Active Directory 域服务或 LDAP 服务器的 TCP/IP 或 UDP LDAP 连接。 下面是连接 Ldap的连接方法和大家分享下： &lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighligh...
OFBiz 12.04集成Spring与Activiti实战
- 编写目的：整合OFBiz与Spring，利用Spring的集成能力，实现OFBiz与Activiti以及其他系统的集成，特别关注的是与Activiti 5.9的配合。 - 版本说明：文档中提到的初始版本是基于OFBiz 11.04，但如果不包含Kft模块...
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

个

红包个数最小为10个

元

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43元 前往充值 >
需支付：10.00元
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付元
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明：

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币，按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载，可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值