Java多线程详解（十二）------ SimpleDateFormat非线程安全

1. 异常测试

public class SimpleDateFormatTest {
    private SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
    ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 5, 1, TimeUnit.MINUTES,
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(1000), new MyThreadFactory("SimpleDateFormatTest"));

    @Test
    public void test() {
        while (true) {
            poolExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    String dateString = simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());
                    try {
                        Date parseDate = simpleDateFormat.parse(dateString);
                        String dateString2 = simpleDateFormat.format(parseDate);
                        System.out.println(dateString.equals(dateString2));
                    } catch (ParseException e) {
                        System.out.println("res=" + dateString);
                        poolExecutor.shutdownNow();
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }
}
public class MyThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
    private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
    private final ThreadGroup group;
    private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
    private final String namePrefix;

    public MyThreadFactory(String threadName) {
        SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
        group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() : Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
        namePrefix = "pool-" + poolNumber.getAndIncrement() + "-" + threadName + "-thread-";
    }

    @Override
    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
        Thread t = new Thread(group, r, namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(), 0);
        if (t.isDaemon())
            t.setDaemon(false);
        if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)
            t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
        return t;
    }
}

部分打印结果：

true
false
false
false
true
Exception in thread "pool-1-SimpleDateFormatTest-thread-4" java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "1212E"
	at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65)
	at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Long.java:589)
	at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Long.java:631)
	at java.text.DigitList.getLong(DigitList.java:195)
	at java.text.DecimalFormat.parse(DecimalFormat.java:2051)
	at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.subParse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1869)
	at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.parse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1514)
	at java.text.DateFormat.parse(DateFormat.java:364)
	at com.hzq.myapp.thread.dateFormat.SimpleDateFormatTest$1.run(SimpleDateFormatTest.java:25)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

2. 非线程安全原因

private StringBuffer format(Date date, StringBuffer toAppendTo,
                                FieldDelegate delegate) {
        // Convert input date to time field list
        calendar.setTime(date);

        boolean useDateFormatSymbols = useDateFormatSymbols();

        for (int i = 0; i < compiledPattern.length; ) {
            int tag = compiledPattern[i] >>> 8;
            int count = compiledPattern[i++] & 0xff;
            if (count == 255) {
                count = compiledPattern[i++] << 16;
                count |= compiledPattern[i++];
            }

            switch (tag) {
            case TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR:
                toAppendTo.append((char)count);
                break;

            case TAG_QUOTE_CHARS:
                toAppendTo.append(compiledPattern, i, count);
                i += count;
                break;

            default:
                subFormat(tag, count, delegate, toAppendTo, useDateFormatSymbols);
                break;
            }
        }
        return toAppendTo;
    }
    // 共享的实例
    protected Calendar calendar;
    protected NumberFormat numberFormat;

多个线程之间共享变量calendar，并修改calendar。因此在多线程环境下，当多个线程同时使用相同的SimpleDateFormat对象（如static修饰）的话，如调用format方法时，多个线程会同时调用calender.setTime()方法，导致time被别的线程修改，因此线程是不安全的。

3. 解决方法

3.1 将SimpleDateFormat定义成局部变量

public class DateTools {
    public static Date parse(String formatPattern, String dateString) throws ParseException {
        return new SimpleDateFormat(formatPattern).parse(dateString);
    }

    public static String format(String formatPattern, Date date) {
        return new SimpleDateFormat(formatPattern).format(date);
    }
}

3.2 使用ThreadLocal

每个线程都拥有自己的SimpleDateFormat对象副本。

public class DateTools {
    private static ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> t1 = new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>();

    public static SimpleDateFormat getSimpleDateFormat(String datePattern) {
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = t1.get();
        if (sdf == null) {
            sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(datePattern);
            t1.set(sdf);
        }
        return sdf;
    }
}

3.3 使用DateTimeFormatter代替SimpleDateFormat

DateTimeFormatter是线程安全的，默认提供了很多格式化方法，也可以通过ofPattern方法创建自定义格式化方法。

1. 格式化日期示例

LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println(localDateTime); // 2020-12-21T19:46:14.399
DateTimeFormatter dtf = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss");
String strDate = localDateTime.format(dtf);
System.out.println(strDate); // 2020/12/21 19:46:14

2. 解析日期

DateTimeFormatter dtf = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss");
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.parse("2020/12/21 19:50:14", dtf);
System.out.println(localDateTime); // 2019-11-20T15:23:46
ofPattern("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss");
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.parse("2020/12/21 19:50:14", dtf);
System.out.println(localDateTime); // 2019-11-20T15:23:46