R Programming Note 2

1. Reading Data

read.table (If large dataset, provide colClasses and nrows)

read.csv

readLines

source

dget

load

unserialize 

2. File Connections

str(file)

- r

- w

- a

- rb, wb, ab

con <- file("foo.txt", "r")

data <- read.csv(con)

close(con)

data <- read.csv("foo.txt")

con <- gzfile("words,gz")

x <- readLines(con, 10)

3. Subsetting

- [ extract same class

x[1]

x[x > "a"]

x[c(1,3)]

x[1, , drop = FALSE]

- [[ extract list or data frame

x[[1]]

x[["bar"]]

x[[2]][[1]]

- $ extract by name

x$bar

- partial matching

x <- list(aardvark = 1:5)

x[["a", exact = FALSE]]

- removing NA values

x<- c(1,2,NA,4,NA,5)

bad<- is.na(x)

x[!bad]