简介
分布式锁的方式有很多种,通常方案有:
- 基于数据库
- 基于redis
- 基于ZooKeeper
本文介绍基于数据库实现分布式锁,原理是利用数据库的唯一索引,大致思想如下:
- 1.根据一个值来获取锁,如果当前不存在锁,那么在数据库插入一条记录,然后进行处理业务,当结束,释放锁(删除锁)。
- 2.如果存在锁,判断锁是否过期,如果过期则更新锁的有效期,然后继续处理业务,当结束时,释放锁。如果没有过期,那么获取锁失败,退出
数据库表是由JPA自动生成的,实体如下:
@Entity
@Table(name = "lock", uniqueConstraints = { @UniqueConstraint(columnNames = { "tag" }),name = "tag_uidx" })
public class Lock {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
@Column(name = "id")
private Long id;
@Column(nullable = false)
private String tag;
@Column(nullable = false)
@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
private Date createAt;
@Column(nullable = false)
@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
private Date expireAt;
}
Repository
repository层只添加了两个简单的方法,根据tag删除锁和更新锁(锁过期)的操作,内容如下:
public interface LockRepository extends JpaRepository<Lock, Long> {
@Modifying
@Query("delete from Lock where tag = :tag")
@Transactional
void delete(@Param("tag") String tag);
@Modifying
@Query("update Lock set createAt = :#{#lock.createAt}, expireAt= :#{#lock.expireAt} WHERE tag = :#{#lock.tag} "
+ "AND expireAt <= :#{#lock.createAt}")
@Transactional
int update(@Param("lock")Lock lock);
}
如果创建时间大于过期时间,则锁过期,需要刷新锁
Service
这里需要注意,事物的传播属性设置为REQUIRES_NEW,需要马上提交。
public class LockServiceImpl implements LockService {
@Override
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
public LockInfo saveLock(final Lock lock) {
return this.lockRepository.save(lockInfo);
}
@Override
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
public void deleteLock(final String tag) {
this.lockRepository.delete(tag);
}
@Override
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
public int updateLock(final Lock lock) {
return this.lockRepository.update(lock);
}
}
Manager
@Component
public class LockManagerImpl implements LockManager {
@Override
public boolean acquire(final String tag, final long expiredSeconds) {
try {
final Lock lock = new Lock();
......
this.lockService.insertLock(lock);
return true;
} catch (final DataIntegrityViolationException e) {
return this.lockService.updateLock(this.newLock(tag, expiredSeconds)) > 0;
}
}
@Override
public void release(final String tag) {
this.lockService.deleteLock(tag);
}
}