UNIX系统中相关的限制问题如主机名的长度、页大小等等

一、与文件或目录无关的运行时限制（sysconf函数）

sysconf 函数用来获取系统执行的配置信息。例如页大小、最大页数、cpu个数、打开句柄的最大个数等等。

函数原型：
#include <unistd.h>
       long sysconf(int name);

以下为常用的name参数：

_SC_CHILD_MAX：每个user可同时运行的最大进程数
_SC_HOST_NAME_MAX：hostname最大长度，需小于_POSIX_HOST_NAME_MAX (255)
_SC_OPEN_MAX：一个进程可同时打开的文件最大数
_SC_PAGESIZE：一个page的大小，单位byte
_SC_PHYS_PAGES：物理内存总page数
_SC_AVPHYS_PAGES：当前可获得的物理内存page数
_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF：配置的处理器个数
_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN：当前可获得的处理器个数
_SC_CLK_TCK：每秒对应的时钟tick数

实例程序：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
 
#define ONE_MB (1024 * 1024)
 
int main()
{
    printf("The number of processors configured is :%ld\n",
        sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF));
    printf("The number of processors currently online (available) is :%ld\n",
        sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN));
    printf ("The pagesize: %ld\n", sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE));  
    printf ("The number of pages: %ld\n", sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES));  
    printf ("The number of available pages: %ld\n", sysconf(_SC_AVPHYS_PAGES)); 
    printf ("The memory size: %lld MB\n", 
        (long long)sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE) * (long long)sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES) / ONE_MB );  
    printf ("The number of files max opened:: %ld\n", sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX));  
    printf("The number of ticks per second: %ld\n", sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK));  
    printf ("The max length of host name: %ld\n", sysconf(_SC_HOST_NAME_MAX));  
    printf ("The max number of simultaneous processes per user: %ld\n", sysconf(_SC_CHILD_MAX)); 
    return 0;
}

我的电脑的配置

root@VM-4-15-ubuntu:/home/ubuntu/zsy/sipp/sipp-3.6.1# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model           : 94
model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6133 CPU @ 2.50GHz
stepping        : 3
microcode       : 0x1
cpu MHz         : 2494.134
cache size      : 28160 KB
physical id     : 0
siblings        : 2
core id         : 0
cpu cores       : 2
apicid          : 0
initial apicid  : 0
fpu             : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level     : 13
wp              : yes
flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl cpuid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single pti fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat
bugs            : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs taa itlb_multihit srbds
bogomips        : 4988.26
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor       : 1
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model           : 94
model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6133 CPU @ 2.50GHz
stepping        : 3
microcode       : 0x1
cpu MHz         : 2494.134
cache size      : 28160 KB
physical id     : 0
siblings        : 2
core id         : 1
cpu cores       : 2
apicid          : 1
initial apicid  : 1
fpu             : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level     : 13
wp              : yes
flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl cpuid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single pti fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat
bugs            : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs taa itlb_multihit srbds
bogomips        : 4988.26
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

运行结果如下

root@VM-4-15-ubuntu:/home/ubuntu/zsy/sipp/sipp-3.6.1# ./sysconf
The number of processors configured is :2
The number of processors currently online (available) is :2
The pagesize: 4096
The number of pages: 507535
The number of available pages: 57964
The memory size: 1982 MB
The number of files max opened:: 1024
The number of ticks per second: 100
The max length of host name: 64
The max number of simultaneous processes per user: 7549

二、与文件或目录有关的运行时限制（pathconf和fpathconf）

函数原型:
long int pathconf(const char *pathname，int parameter);
long int fpathconf(int filedes，int parameter);