在虚拟机的Ubuntu上部署FTP服务器

主要参考了这两篇比较好的博客，有兴趣的请转到以下链接进行学习：
1.在Ubuntu上部署ftp服务器
2.Ubuntu部署ftp服务器详解

虚拟机Ubuntu上部署FTP服务器，本地主机进行访问

1.安装vsftpd服务器

在Ubuntu上打开命令行输入下面的代码

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

2.配置vsftpd.conf文件

输入以下命令进入该配置文件

sudo vi /etc/vsftpd.conf

具体修改请参考下面的代码：

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf

#

# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file

# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.

# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.

#

# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.

# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's

# capabilities.

#

#

# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone

# daemon started from an initscript.

listen=NO

#

# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening

# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6

# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6

# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific

# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration

# files.

listen_ipv6=YES

#

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).

#这个是设置是否允许匿名登录ftp服务器，不允许。

anonymous_enable=NO

#

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.

#是否允许本机用户登录

local_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.

#允许上传文件到ftp服务器

write_enable=YES

#

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,

# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)

#local_umask=022

#

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only

# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will

# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.

#anon_upload_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create

# new directories.

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

#

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they

# go into a certain directory.

dirmessage_enable=YES

#

# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time

# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The

# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this

# option.

use_localtime=YES

#

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.

xferlog_enable=YES

#

# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).

connect_from_port_20=YES

#

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by

# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not

# recommended!

#chown_uploads=YES

#chown_username=whoever

#

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown

# below.

#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

#

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.

# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.

#xferlog_std_format=YES

#

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.

#idle_session_timeout=600

#

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.

#data_connection_timeout=120

#

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the

# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

#

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not

# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,

# however, may confuse older FTP clients.

#async_abor_enable=YES

#

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore

# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII

# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.

# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service

# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd

# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the

# raw file.

# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.

#ascii_upload_enable=YES

#ascii_download_enable=YES

#

# You may fully customise the login banner string:

#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.

#

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently

# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.

#deny_email_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails

#

# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for

# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or

# chroot_list_enable below.

#chroot_local_user=YES

#

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of

# users to NOT chroot().

# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that

# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the

# chroot)

chroot_local_user=YES

chroot_list_enable=YES

# (default follows) 允许chroot_list文件中配置的用户登录此ftp服务器。

chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

 

# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by

# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large

# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume

# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.

#ls_recurse_enable=YES

#

# Customization

#

# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by

# default.

#

# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the

# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used

# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem

# access.

secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty

#

# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.

pam_service_name=vsftpd

#

# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL

# encrypted connections.

rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem

rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

ssl_enable=NO

 

#

# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.

#utf8_filesystem=YES

#配置ftp服务器的上传下载文件所在的目录。

#这个地址中的 “/home/python” 是这个Ubuntu系统的用户主目录
#它的用户名叫 “python”，文件夹 “ftpfile” 是后来创建的

local_root=/home/python/ftpfile

#this directory is for ftp server to save  download or upload data

我在后来的实践中在连接ftp服务器时出现了错误，
错误代码500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()，如下图：

经过查询资料后，在vsftpd.conf配置文件中增加一行代码即可，代码如下：

allow_writeable_chroot=YES

代码增加位置没有限制，如下图：

3.给ftp服务器配置使用用户等信息

命令为：

sudo vi /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

将允许使用此ftp服务器的用户名称放到chroot_list文件中。比如添加了python，robot用户。
在这里我是直接使用的系统的用户，并没有设置新的用户，但是根据第二篇博客中所说，我在这个文件中增加了root，具体情况如下图：(其中的ftp_user本人并没有使用，具体情况不清楚)

4.给ftp服务器创建文件存放目录（要和vsftpd.conf中的配置的路径一致）

5.配置后重启ftp，并且测试

使用以下命令进行ftp重启

sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart

在命令行模式下，登录ftp服务器

wxj@wxjpersonal-virtual-machine:~$ ftp 192.168.123.129
Connected to 192.168.123.129.
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
Name (192.168.123.129:wxj): wxj
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> 

实际如图所示：

使用xftp6工具远程连接该ftp服务器，进行文件上传下载，

成功，美滋滋😎😎😎！！！