动机
- 在软件构建过程中,某些对象的状态在转换过程中,可能由于某种需要,要求程序能够回溯到对象之前处于某个点时的状态。如果使用一些公有接口来让其他对象得到对象的状态,便会暴露对象的细节实现
- 如何实现对象状态的良好保存与恢复,但同时又不会因此而破坏对象本身的封装性?
模式定义
在不破环封装性的前提下,捕获一个对象的内部状态,并在该对象之外保存这个状态。这样以后就可以将该对象恢复到原先保存的状态
结构
要点
- 备忘录 (Memento)存储原发器(Originator)对象的内部状态,在需要时恢复原发器状态
- Memento 模式的核心是信息隐藏,即 Originator 需要向外界隐藏信息,保持其封装性;但同时又需要将状态保持到外界(Memento)
- 由于现代语言(如C#、Java)运行时都具有相当的序列化支持,因此往往财通效率较高、又较容易正确实现的序列化方案来实现 Memento 模式
代码
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class Memento {
private:
int m_state;
public:
Memento(const int state) : m_state(state) {}
int GetState() const
{
return m_state;
}
void SetState(const int state)
{
m_state = state;
}
};
class Originator {
private:
int m_state;
public:
Memento* CreateMemento()
{
return new Memento(m_state);
}
void SetMemento(Memento* m)
{
m_state = m->GetState();
}
void SetState(const int state)
{
m_state = state;
}
int GetState() const
{
return m_state;
}
};
class Caretaker {
private:
vector<Memento*> m_memento;
Originator* m_originator;
public:
Caretaker(Originator* const pOriginator)
: m_originator(pOriginator)
{
}
~Caretaker()
{
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < m_memento.size(); i++)
{
delete m_memento.at(i);
}
m_memento.clear();
}
void Save()
{
cout << "Save state" << endl;
m_memento.push_back(m_originator->CreateMemento());
}
void Undo()
{
cout << "Undo state" << endl;
if (m_memento.empty())
{
cout << "Unable to undo state" << endl;
return;
}
Memento* m = m_memento.back();
m_originator->SetMemento(m);
m_memento.pop_back();
delete m;
}
};
void TestMemento(void)
{
Originator* pOriginator = new Originator();
Caretaker* pCaretaker = new Caretaker(pOriginator);
pOriginator->SetState(1);
pCaretaker->Save();
pOriginator->SetState(2);
pCaretaker->Save();
pOriginator->SetState(3);
pCaretaker->Save();
pCaretaker->Undo();
cout << "Now state is " << pOriginator->GetState() << endl; //output 3
pCaretaker->Undo();
cout << "Now state is " << pOriginator->GetState() << endl; //output 2
pCaretaker->Undo();
cout << "Now state is " << pOriginator->GetState() << endl; //output 1
pCaretaker->Undo(); // Unable to undo state
cout << "Now state is " << pOriginator->GetState() << endl; //output 1
delete pOriginator;
delete pCaretaker;
}