Ubuntu 下 mysql.tar.gz安装过程

一、安装在/usr/local

代码:

:$ sudo groupadd mysql
:$ sudo useradd -g mysql mysql
:$ cd /usr/local
:$ tar zvxf ...../mysql........tar.gz  //第一个省略号代表tar.gz文件放置的目录，第二个省略号代表mysql的版本号
:$ mv ..... mysql   //省略号代表mysql解压后的文件夹
:$ cd mysql
:$ sudo chown -R mysql .
:$ sudo chgrp -R mysql .
:$ scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql  --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
:& cd ..
:$ sudo chown -R root mysql .
:$ cd mysql
:$ sudo chown -R mysql data
:$ bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --user=mysql &

至此，mysql安装成功

为mysql的root用户添加密码

代码:

:$ cd ....../mysql/bin //省略号代表mysql的安装目录
:$ mysql -u root
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY "123456";

下次登录时

代码:

:& cd ....../mysql/bin
:& cd bin
:& mysql -u root -p

启动mysql

代码:

:& cd ....../mysql
:& bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --user=mysql &

停止mysql

代码:

:& cd ....../mysql/bin
:$ mysqladmin -uroot -ppassw0rd shutdown

将MySQL作为系统服务启动：

在执行完上面的安装过程时，命令行会提示如下信息：

tsrr@tsrr-server:/usr/local/mysql$ sudo scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h tsrr-server password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr/local/mysql ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysqlbug script!

The latest information about MySQL is available at http://www.mysql.com/
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses from http://shop.mysql.com/

 

根据上面的说明，我们将复制到，命令如下：

 

代码:

:$ sudo  cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql 
启动mysql服务
:$ sudo /etc/init.d/mysql start
重启mysql服务
:$ sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart
关闭mysql服务
:$ sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop

 

备注：如果启动还有问题，请检查/etc/目录下是否有my.cnf或者，mysql/my.cnf文件，并检查其中的配置是否正确。

二、不安装在/usr/local 例如/home/ddd

代码:

:$ sudo groupadd mysql
:$ sudo useradd -g mysql mysql
:$ cd /home/ddd
:$ tar zvxf ...../mysql........tar.gz  //第一个省略号代表tar.gz文件放置的目录，第二个省略号代表mysql的版本号
:$ mv ..... mysql   //省略号代表mysql解压后的文件夹
:$ cd mysql
:$ sudo chown -R mysql .
:$ sudo chgrp -R mysql .
:$ scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql  --basedir=/home/ddd/mysql --datadir=/home/ddd/mysql/data
:& cd ..
:$ sudo chown -R root mysql .
:$ sudo chown -R mysql data
:$ bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/home/ddd/mysql --datadir=/home/ddd/mysql/data --user=mysql &

至此，mysql安装成功

为mysql的root用户添加密码

代码:

:$ cd ....../mysql/bin //省略号代表mysql的安装目录
:$ mysql -u root
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY "123456";

下次登录时

代码:

:& cd ....../mysql/bin
:& cd bin
:& mysql -u root -p

启动mysql

代码:

:& cd ....../mysql
:& bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/home/ddd/mysql --datadir=/home/ddd/mysql/data --user=mysql &

停止mysql

代码:

:& cd ....../mysql/bin
:$ mysqladmin -uroot -ppassw0rd shutdown

其他信息

mysql的数据库存放路径

/var/lib/mysql

从mysql中导出和导入数据

mysqldump 数据库名 > 文件名 #导出数据库
mysqladmin create 数据库名 #建立数据库
mysql 数据库名 < 文件名 #导入数据库

忘了mysql的root口令怎么办

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop
sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
sudo mysqladmin -u user password 'newpassword
sudo mysqladmin flush-privileges

修改mysql的root口令

sudo mysqladmin -u root -p password '你的新密码'

 

如何优化mysql

wget  http://www.day32.com/MySQL/tuning-primer.sh
chmod +x tuning-primer.sh
./tuning-primer.sh

mysql命令行中文显示?号

mysql> set names utf8;

常用mysql管理语句

show table status;  #查询表状态
show full processlist;  #查询mysql进程
alter table site_stats engine=MyISAM;   #转换表为MyISAM类型，转表锁为行锁。
show variables;  ＃查看mysql 变量