黑马程序员-----多线程之间的通信（生产者消费者）

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线程间的相互作用：

　　线程间的相互作用：线程之间需要一些协调通信，来共同完成一件任务。

   因为wait和notify方法定义在Object类中，因此会被所有的类所继承。

   这些方法都是final的，即它们都是不能被重写的，不能通过子类覆写去改变它们的行为。

在前面学习了多线程编程中使用同步机制的重要性，并学会了如何实现同步的方法来正确的访问共享资源。这些线程之间的关系是平等的，批次之间并不存在依赖，他们各自竞争CPU的资源，互不相让，并且还无条件的阻止其他线程对共享资源的访问。然而，也有很多现实问题要求不仅仅要同步的访问同一共享资源，而且线程间还彼此牵制，通过相互通信来向前推进。那么，多个线程之间是如何进行通信的呢？

 

线程间的通信其实就是多个线程在操作同一个资源，但操作的动作不同。

class Res {
    String name;
    String sex;
}
 
class Input implements Runnable {
    private Res r;
 
    public Input(Res r) {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        this.r = r;
    }
 
    public void run() {
        int x = 0;
        while (true) {
            if (x == 0) {
                r.name = "mike";
                r.sex = "man";
            } else {
                r.name = "丽丽";
                r.sex = "女女女";
            }
            x = ++x % 2;
        }
    }
}
 
class Output implements Runnable {
    private Res r;
 
    Output(Res r) {
        this.r = r;
    }
 
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            System.out.println(r.name + "----" + r.sex);
        }
    }
}
 
public class Communicate {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Res r = new Res();
        Input in = new Input(r);
        Output out = new Output(r);
 
        Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
 
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}

但是这样写的会出现名字与性别不相匹配的情况。

这就表明了出现了安全问题，当出现安全问题时就要想到需要同步。

class Res {
    String name;
    String sex;
}
 
class Input implements Runnable {
    private Res r;
    Object obj = new Object();
 
    public Input(Res r) {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        this.r = r;
    }
 
    public void run() {
        int x = 0;
        while (true) {
            synchronized (obj) {
                if (x == 0) {
                    r.name = "mike";
                    r.sex = "man";
                } else {
                    r.name = "丽丽";
                    r.sex = "女女女";
                }
                x = ++x % 2;
            }
        }
    }
}
 
class Output implements Runnable {
    private Res r;
    Object obj = new Object();
    Output(Res r) {
        this.r = r;
    }
 
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            synchronized (obj)
            {
                System.out.println(r.name + "----" + r.sex);
            }
        }
    }
}
 
public class Communicate {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Res r = new Res();
        Input in = new Input(r);
        Output out = new Output(r);
 
        Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
 
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
 
    }
}

但是这样做之后还是没有解决出现的问题。

那么还是要考虑那两个原则：

1.是否是两个及两个以上的线程？（满足）

2.是否是同一个锁？（？？）

用生产者和消费者的例子来观察同步的效果：

class ConsumeDemo
{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		Resource r = new Resource();
		Producer pro = new Producer(r);
		Consumer con = new Consumer(r);
		
		Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);
		Thread t2 = new Thread(con);
		
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
	}
}




class Resource
{
	private String name;
	private int count = 1;
	private boolean flag = false;
	 public synchronized void set (String name)
	 {
		 if(flag)
			 try{wait();}catch(Exception e){}
		 this.name = name+"--"+count++;
		 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"..生产者.."+this.name);
		 flag = true;
		 this.notify();
	 }
	 public synchronized void out()
	 {
		 if(!flag)
			 try{wait();}catch(Exception e){}
		 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"..消费者.."+this.name);
		 flag = false;
		 this.notify();
		 
	 }
}
class Producer implements Runnable
{
	private Resource res;
	Producer(Resource res)
	{
			this.res=res;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			res.set("+商品+");
			
		}
		
	}
}

class Consumer implements Runnable
{
	private Resource res;
	Consumer(Resource res)
	{
			this.res=res;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			res.out();
			
		}
		
	}

}

运行结果：

Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--5857
Thread-1..消费者..+商品+--5857
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--5858
Thread-1..消费者..+商品+--5858
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--5859
Thread-1..消费者..+商品+--5859
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--5860
Thread-1..消费者..+商品+--5860
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--5861
Thread-1..消费者..+商品+--5861
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--5862
Thread-1..消费者..+商品+--5862
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--5863
Thread-1..消费者..+商品+--5863
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--5864
Thread-1..消费者..+商品+--5864
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--5865
Thread-1..消费者..+商品+--5865
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--5866
Thread-1..消费者..+商品+--5866
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--5867
Thread-1..消费者..+商品+--5867

同时开启两个生产着和两个消费者时：

class ConsumeDemo1
{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		Resource r = new Resource();
		Producer pro = new Producer(r);
		Consumer con = new Consumer(r);
		
		Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);
		Thread t2 = new Thread(pro);
		Thread t3 = new Thread(con);
		Thread t4 = new Thread(con);
		
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
		t4.start();
	}
}




class Resource
{
	private String name;
	private int count = 1;
	private boolean flag = false;
	 public synchronized void set (String name)
	 {
		 while(flag)
			 try{wait();}catch(Exception e){}
		 this.name = name+"--"+count++;
		 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"..生产者.."+this.name);
		 flag = true;
		 this.notifyAll();
	 }
	 public synchronized void out()
	 {
		 while(!flag)
			 try{wait();}catch(Exception e){}
		 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"..消费者.."+this.name);
		 flag = false;
		 this.notifyAll();
		 
	 }
}
class Producer implements Runnable
{
	private Resource res;
	Producer(Resource res)
	{
			this.res=res;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			res.set("+商品+");
			
		}
		
	}
}

class Consumer implements Runnable
{
	private Resource res;
	Consumer(Resource res)
	{
			this.res=res;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			res.out();
			
		}
		
	}

}

运行结果：
Thread-1..生产者..+商品+--6175
Thread-3..消费者..+商品+--6175
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--6176
Thread-2..消费者..+商品+--6176
Thread-1..生产者..+商品+--6177
Thread-3..消费者..+商品+--6177
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--6178
Thread-2..消费者..+商品+--6178
Thread-1..生产者..+商品+--6179
Thread-3..消费者..+商品+--6179
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--6180
Thread-2..消费者..+商品+--6180
Thread-1..生产者..+商品+--6181
Thread-3..消费者..+商品+--6181
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--6182
Thread-2..消费者..+商品+--6182
Thread-1..生产者..+商品+--6183
Thread-3..消费者..+商品+--6183
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--6184
Thread-2..消费者..+商品+--6184
Thread-1..生产者..+商品+--6185
Thread-3..消费者..+商品+--6185
Thread-0..生产者..+商品+--6186