MariaDB（MySql的免费版）安装步骤

一.下载所需软件

mariadb:

https://downloads.mariadb.org/interstitial/mariadb-10.0.0/kvm-tarbake-jaunty-x86/mariadb-10.0.0.tar.gz/from/http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/dbms/mariadb

cmake:

http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.10.2.tar.gz

二.安装
首先安装cmake
tar xf  cmake-2.8.10.2.tar.gz  
cd cmake-2.8.10.2  
./bootstrap  
make && make install  
然后安装mariadb
tar xf mariadb-10.0.0.tar.gz 
cd mariadb-10.0.0 
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mariadb -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mariadb -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system 
make && make install 

三.配置
拷贝配置文件和,启动脚本
cd /opt/mariadb 
cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf 
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariad 
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mariad 
chkconfig --add mariad 
chkconfig mariad on 
初始化数据库
mkdir -pv /data/mariadb

groupadd mysql  

useradd -g mysql mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/   
chown -R :mysql /opt/mariadb/.   
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mariadb

scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mariadb --datadir=/data/mariadb

/var/log# mkdir mysql
/var/log# chown mysql:mysql mysql  
修改mariadb配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
添加

[client]

default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]

basedir = /opt/mariadb
datadir = /data/mariadb

character_set_server= utf8

然后就可以启动服务了
service mariad start

错误分析：

log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log

登录问题：

如果提示1045 
/opt/mariadb# bin/mysql -u root -p
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql
MariaDB [mysql]> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('xxxxx') where USER='root';
MariaDB [mysql]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [mysql]> quit

如果提示1130，无法给远程连接的用户权限

/opt/mariadb# bin/mysql -u root -p
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql

MariaDB [mysql]> grant all privileges on *.* to root@"%" identified by "xxxxx" with grant option;

乱码，查看当前的编码：

MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql

MariaDB [mysql]> show variables like 'character%';

提示缺少[ERROR] Can't find messagefile '/usr/share/mysql/errmsg.sys'
cp share/english/errmsg.sys /usr/share/mysql/errmsg.sys

指定目录和数据目录

/opt/mariadb/bin# mysqld_safe --basedir=/opt/mariadb/ --datadir=/data/mariadb/ --user=mysql &