GDAL栅格程序通用命令

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-08 23:04:39 发布

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分类专栏：开源GIS GDAL 文章标签：后端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/neuromancerr/article/details/127089150

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机翻原文见https://gdal.org/programs/raster_common_options.html#cmdoption-version

所有 GDAL 命令行程序都支持以下常用选项。

version

输出版本
在这里插入图片描述

build

输出当前GDAL的详细信息
在这里插入图片描述

formats

列出此 GDAL 构建支持的所有栅格格式（只读和读写）并退出。格式支持如下： ‘ro’为只读驱动； ‘rw’ 是读或写（即支持 CreateCopy）； ‘rw+’ 是读、写和更新（即支持创建）。为支持虚拟 IO 的格式（/vsimem、/vsigzip、/vsizip 等）附加了一个“v”。为支持子数据集的格式附加了一个“s”。注意：gdalwarp 输出的有效格式是支持 Create() 方法（标记为 rw+）的格式，而不仅仅是 CreateCopy() 方法。

Supported Formats:
  VRT -raster,multidimensional raster- (rw+v): Virtual Raster
  DERIVED -raster- (ro): Derived datasets using VRT pixel functions
  GTiff -raster- (rw+vs): GeoTIFF
  COG -raster- (wv): Cloud optimized GeoTIFF generator
  NITF -raster- (rw+vs): National Imagery Transmission Format
  RPFTOC -raster- (rovs): Raster Product Format TOC format
  ECRGTOC -raster- (rovs): ECRG TOC format
  HFA -raster- (rw+v): Erdas Imagine Images (.img)
  SAR_CEOS -raster- (rov): CEOS SAR Image
  CEOS -raster- (rov): CEOS Image
  JAXAPALSAR -raster- (rov): JAXA PALSAR Product Reader (Level 1.1/1.5)
  GFF -raster- (rov): Ground-based SAR Applications Testbed File Format (.gff)
  ELAS -raster- (rw+v): ELAS
  ESRIC -raster- (rov): Esri Compact Cache
  AIG -raster- (rov): Arc/Info Binary Grid
  AAIGrid -raster- (rwv): Arc/Info ASCII Grid
  GRASSASCIIGrid -raster- (rov): GRASS ASCII Grid
  ISG -raster- (rov): International Service for the Geoid
  SDTS -raster- (rov): SDTS Raster
  DTED -raster- (rwv): DTED Elevation Raster
  PNG -raster- (rwv): Portable Network Graphics
  JPEG -raster- (rwv): JPEG JFIF
  MEM -raster,multidimensional raster- (rw+): In Memory Raster
  JDEM -raster- (rov): Japanese DEM (.mem)
  GIF -raster- (rwv): Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
  BIGGIF -raster- (rov): Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
  ESAT -raster- (rov): Envisat Image Format
  FITS -raster,vector- (rw+): Flexible Image Transport System
  BSB -raster- (rov): Maptech BSB Nautical Charts
  XPM -raster- (rwv): X11 PixMap Format
  BMP -raster- (rw+v): MS Windows Device Independent Bitmap
  DIMAP -raster- (rovs): SPOT DIMAP
  AirSAR -raster- (rov): AirSAR Polarimetric Image
  RS2 -raster- (rovs): RadarSat 2 XML Product
  SAFE -raster- (rov): Sentinel-1 SAR SAFE Product
  PCIDSK -raster,vector- (rw+v): PCIDSK Database File
  PCRaster -raster- (rw+): PCRaster Raster File
  ILWIS -raster- (rw+v): ILWIS Raster Map
  SGI -raster- (rw+v): SGI Image File Format 1.0
  SRTMHGT -raster- (rwv): SRTMHGT File Format
  Leveller -raster- (rw+v): Leveller heightfield
  Terragen -raster- (rw+v): Terragen heightfield
  GMT -raster- (rw): GMT NetCDF Grid Format
  netCDF -raster,multidimensional raster,vector- (rw+s): Network Common Data Format
  HDF4 -raster,multidimensional raster- (ros): Hierarchical Data Format Release 4
  HDF4Image -raster- (rw+): HDF4 Dataset
  ISIS3 -raster- (rw+v): USGS Astrogeology ISIS cube (Version 3)
  ISIS2 -raster- (rw+v): USGS Astrogeology ISIS cube (Version 2)
  PDS -raster- (rov): NASA Planetary Data System
  PDS4 -raster,vector- (rw+vs): NASA Planetary Data System 4
  VICAR -raster,vector- (rw+v): MIPL VICAR file
  TIL -raster- (rov): EarthWatch .TIL
  ERS -raster- (rw+v): ERMapper .ers Labelled
  JP2OpenJPEG -raster,vector- (rwv): JPEG-2000 driver based on OpenJPEG library
  L1B -raster- (rovs): NOAA Polar Orbiter Level 1b Data Set
  FIT -raster- (rwv): FIT Image
  GRIB -raster,multidimensional raster- (rwv): GRIdded Binary (.grb, .grb2)
  RMF -raster- (rw+v): Raster Matrix Format
  WCS -raster- (rovs): OGC Web Coverage Service
  WMS -raster- (rwvs): OGC Web Map Service
  MSGN -raster- (rov): EUMETSAT Archive native (.nat)
  RST -raster- (rw+v): Idrisi Raster A.1
  INGR -raster- (rw+v): Intergraph Raster
  GSAG -raster- (rwv): Golden Software ASCII Grid (.grd)
  GSBG -raster- (rw+v): Golden Software Binary Grid (.grd)
  GS7BG -raster- (rw+v): Golden Software 7 Binary Grid (.grd)
  COSAR -raster- (rov): COSAR Annotated Binary Matrix (TerraSAR-X)
  TSX -raster- (rov): TerraSAR-X Product
  COASP -raster- (ro): DRDC COASP SAR Processor Raster
  R -raster- (rwv): R Object Data Store
  MAP -raster- (rov): OziExplorer .MAP
  KMLSUPEROVERLAY -raster- (rwv): Kml Super Overlay
  PDF -raster,vector- (w+): Geospatial PDF
  Rasterlite -raster- (rwvs): Rasterlite
  MBTiles -raster,vector- (rw+v): MBTiles
  PLMOSAIC -raster- (ro): Planet Labs Mosaics API
  CALS -raster- (rwv): CALS (Type 1)
  WMTS -raster- (rwv): OGC Web Map Tile Service
  SENTINEL2 -raster- (rovs): Sentinel 2
  MRF -raster- (rw+v): Meta Raster Format
  TileDB -raster- (rw+vs): TileDB
  PNM -raster- (rw+v): Portable Pixmap Format (netpbm)
  DOQ1 -raster- (rov): USGS DOQ (Old Style)
  DOQ2 -raster- (rov): USGS DOQ (New Style)
  PAux -raster- (rw+v): PCI .aux Labelled
  MFF -raster- (rw+v): Vexcel MFF Raster
  MFF2 -raster- (rw+): Vexcel MFF2 (HKV) Raster
  FujiBAS -raster- (rov): Fuji BAS Scanner Image
  GSC -raster- (rov): GSC Geogrid
  FAST -raster- (rov): EOSAT FAST Format
  BT -raster- (rw+v): VTP .bt (Binary Terrain) 1.3 Format
  LAN -raster- (rw+v): Erdas .LAN/.GIS
  CPG -raster- (rov): Convair PolGASP
  IDA -raster- (rw+v): Image Data and Analysis
  NDF -raster- (rov): NLAPS Data Format
  EIR -raster- (rov): Erdas Imagine Raw
  DIPEx -raster- (rov): DIPEx
  LCP -raster- (rwv): FARSITE v.4 Landscape File (.lcp)
  GTX -raster- (rw+v): NOAA Vertical Datum .GTX
  LOSLAS -raster- (rov): NADCON .los/.las Datum Grid Shift
  NTv2 -raster- (rw+vs): NTv2 Datum Grid Shift
  CTable2 -raster- (rw+v): CTable2 Datum Grid Shift
  ACE2 -raster- (rov): ACE2
  SNODAS -raster- (rov): Snow Data Assimilation System
  KRO -raster- (rw+v): KOLOR Raw
  ROI_PAC -raster- (rw+v): ROI_PAC raster
  RRASTER -raster- (rw+v): R Raster
  BYN -raster- (rw+v): Natural Resources Canada's Geoid
  ARG -raster- (rwv): Azavea Raster Grid format
  RIK -raster- (rov): Swedish Grid RIK (.rik)
  USGSDEM -raster- (rwv): USGS Optional ASCII DEM (and CDED)
  GXF -raster- (rov): GeoSoft Grid Exchange Format
  KEA -raster- (rw+v): KEA Image Format (.kea)
  BAG -raster,multidimensional raster,vector- (rw+v): Bathymetry Attributed Grid
  HDF5 -raster,multidimensional raster- (rovs): Hierarchical Data Format Release 5
  HDF5Image -raster- (rov): HDF5 Dataset
  NWT_GRD -raster- (rw+v): Northwood Numeric Grid Format .grd/.tab
  NWT_GRC -raster- (rov): Northwood Classified Grid Format .grc/.tab
  ADRG -raster- (rw+vs): ARC Digitized Raster Graphics
  SRP -raster- (rovs): Standard Raster Product (ASRP/USRP)
  BLX -raster- (rwv): Magellan topo (.blx)
  PostGISRaster -raster- (rws): PostGIS Raster driver
  SAGA -raster- (rw+v): SAGA GIS Binary Grid (.sdat, .sg-grd-z)
  XYZ -raster- (rwv): ASCII Gridded XYZ
  HF2 -raster- (rwv): HF2/HFZ heightfield raster
  OZI -raster- (rov): OziExplorer Image File
  CTG -raster- (rov): USGS LULC Composite Theme Grid
  ZMap -raster- (rwv): ZMap Plus Grid
  NGSGEOID -raster- (rov): NOAA NGS Geoid Height Grids
  IRIS -raster- (rov): IRIS data (.PPI, .CAPPi etc)
  PRF -raster- (rov): Racurs PHOTOMOD PRF
  RDA -raster- (ro): DigitalGlobe Raster Data Access driver
  EEDAI -raster- (ros): Earth Engine Data API Image
  DAAS -raster- (ro): Airbus DS Intelligence Data As A Service driver
  SIGDEM -raster- (rwv): Scaled Integer Gridded DEM .sigdem
  TGA -raster- (rov): TGA/TARGA Image File Format
  OGCAPI -raster,vector- (rov): OGCAPI
  STACTA -raster- (rovs): Spatio-Temporal Asset Catalog Tiled Assets
  STACIT -raster- (rovs): Spatio-Temporal Asset Catalog Items
  DB2ODBC -raster,vector- (rw+): IBM DB2 Spatial Database
  GPKG -raster,vector- (rw+vs): GeoPackage
  CAD -raster,vector- (rovs): AutoCAD Driver
  PLSCENES -raster,vector- (ro): Planet Labs Scenes API
  NGW -raster,vector- (rw+s): NextGIS Web
  GenBin -raster- (rov): Generic Binary (.hdr Labelled)
  ENVI -raster- (rw+v): ENVI .hdr Labelled
  EHdr -raster- (rw+v): ESRI .hdr Labelled
  ISCE -raster- (rw+v): ISCE raster
  Zarr -raster,multidimensional raster- (rw+vs): Zarr
  HTTP -raster,vector- (ro): HTTP Fetching Wrapper

format <format>

列出有关单一格式驱动程序的详细信息。格式应该是-formats 列表中报告的短名称，例如GTiff。

D:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\envs\gdal\Library\bin>gdal_translate.exe --format GTiff
Format Details:
  Short Name: GTiff
  Long Name: GeoTIFF
  Supports: Raster
  Extensions: tif tiff
  Mime Type: image/tiff
  Help Topic: drivers/raster/gtiff.html
  Supports: Raster subdatasets
  Supports: Open() - Open existing dataset.
  Supports: Create() - Create writable dataset.
  Supports: CreateCopy() - Create dataset by copying another.
  Supports: Virtual IO - eg. /vsimem/
  Creation Datatypes: Byte UInt16 Int16 UInt32 Int32 Float32 Float64 CInt16 CInt32 CFloat32 CFloat64
  Supports: Coordinate epoch.

<CreationOptionList>
  <Option name="COMPRESS" type="string-select">
    <Value>NONE</Value>
    <Value>LZW</Value>
    <Value>PACKBITS</Value>
    <Value>JPEG</Value>
    <Value>CCITTRLE</Value>
    <Value>CCITTFAX3</Value>
    <Value>CCITTFAX4</Value>
    <Value>DEFLATE</Value>
    <Value>ZSTD</Value>
    <Value>LERC</Value>
    <Value>LERC_DEFLATE</Value>
    <Value>LERC_ZSTD</Value>
  </Option>
  <Option name="PREDICTOR" type="int" description="Predictor Type (1=default, 2=horizontal differencing, 3=floating point prediction)" />
  <Option name="DISCARD_LSB" type="string" description="Number of least-significant bits to set to clear as a single value or comma-separated list of values for per-band values" />
  <Option name="JPEG_QUALITY" type="int" description="JPEG quality 1-100" default="75" />
  <Option name="JPEGTABLESMODE" type="int" description="Content of JPEGTABLES tag. 0=no JPEGTABLES tag, 1=Quantization tables only, 2=Huffman tables only, 3=Both" default="1" />
  <Option name="ZLEVEL" type="int" description="DEFLATE compression level 1-9" default="6" />
  <Option name="ZSTD_LEVEL" type="int" description="ZSTD compression level 1(fast)-22(slow)" default="9" />
  <Option name="MAX_Z_ERROR" type="float" description="Maximum error for LERC compression" default="0" />
  <Option name="NUM_THREADS" type="string" description="Number of worker threads for compression. Can be set to ALL_CPUS" default="1" />
  <Option name="NBITS" type="int" description="BITS for sub-byte files (1-7), sub-uint16_t (9-15), sub-uint32_t (17-31), or float32 (16)" />
  <Option name="INTERLEAVE" type="string-select" default="PIXEL">
    <Value>BAND</Value>
    <Value>PIXEL</Value>
  </Option>
  <Option name="TILED" type="boolean" description="Switch to tiled format" />
  <Option name="TFW" type="boolean" description="Write out world file" />
  <Option name="RPB" type="boolean" description="Write out .RPB (RPC) file" />
  <Option name="RPCTXT" type="boolean" description="Write out _RPC.TXT file" />
  <Option name="BLOCKXSIZE" type="int" description="Tile Width" />
  <Option name="BLOCKYSIZE" type="int" description="Tile/Strip Height" />
  <Option name="PHOTOMETRIC" type="string-select">
    <Value>MINISBLACK</Value>
    <Value>MINISWHITE</Value>
    <Value>PALETTE</Value>
    <Value>RGB</Value>
    <Value>CMYK</Value>
    <Value>YCBCR</Value>
    <Value>CIELAB</Value>
    <Value>ICCLAB</Value>
    <Value>ITULAB</Value>
  </Option>
  <Option name="SPARSE_OK" type="boolean" description="Should empty blocks be omitted on disk?" default="FALSE" />
  <Option name="ALPHA" type="string-select" description="Mark first extrasample as being alpha">
    <Value>NON-PREMULTIPLIED</Value>
    <Value>PREMULTIPLIED</Value>
    <Value>UNSPECIFIED</Value>
    <Value aliasOf="NON-PREMULTIPLIED">YES</Value>
    <Value aliasOf="UNSPECIFIED">NO</Value>
  </Option>
  <Option name="PROFILE" type="string-select" default="GDALGeoTIFF">
    <Value>GDALGeoTIFF</Value>
    <Value>GeoTIFF</Value>
    <Value>BASELINE</Value>
  </Option>
  <Option name="PIXELTYPE" type="string-select">
    <Value>DEFAULT</Value>
    <Value>SIGNEDBYTE</Value>
  </Option>
  <Option name="BIGTIFF" type="string-select" description="Force creation of BigTIFF file">
    <Value>YES</Value>
    <Value>NO</Value>
    <Value>IF_NEEDED</Value>
    <Value>IF_SAFER</Value>
  </Option>
  <Option name="ENDIANNESS" type="string-select" default="NATIVE" description="Force endianness of created file. For DEBUG purpose mostly">
    <Value>NATIVE</Value>
    <Value>INVERTED</Value>
    <Value>LITTLE</Value>
    <Value>BIG</Value>
  </Option>
  <Option name="COPY_SRC_OVERVIEWS" type="boolean" default="NO" description="Force copy of overviews of source dataset (CreateCopy())" />
  <Option name="SOURCE_ICC_PROFILE" type="string" description="ICC profile" />
  <Option name="SOURCE_PRIMARIES_RED" type="string" description="x,y,1.0 (xyY) red chromaticity" />
  <Option name="SOURCE_PRIMARIES_GREEN" type="string" description="x,y,1.0 (xyY) green chromaticity" />
  <Option name="SOURCE_PRIMARIES_BLUE" type="string" description="x,y,1.0 (xyY) blue chromaticity" />
  <Option name="SOURCE_WHITEPOINT" type="string" description="x,y,1.0 (xyY) whitepoint" />
  <Option name="TIFFTAG_TRANSFERFUNCTION_RED" type="string" description="Transfer function for red" />
  <Option name="TIFFTAG_TRANSFERFUNCTION_GREEN" type="string" description="Transfer function for green" />
  <Option name="TIFFTAG_TRANSFERFUNCTION_BLUE" type="string" description="Transfer function for blue" />
  <Option name="TIFFTAG_TRANSFERRANGE_BLACK" type="string" description="Transfer range for black" />
  <Option name="TIFFTAG_TRANSFERRANGE_WHITE" type="string" description="Transfer range for white" />
  <Option name="STREAMABLE_OUTPUT" type="boolean" default="NO" description="Enforce a mode compatible with a streamable file" />
  <Option name="GEOTIFF_KEYS_FLAVOR" type="string-select" default="STANDARD" description="Which flavor of GeoTIFF keys must be used">
    <Value>STANDARD</Value>
    <Value>ESRI_PE</Value>
  </Option>
  <Option name="GEOTIFF_VERSION" type="string-select" default="AUTO" description="Which version of GeoTIFF must be used">
    <Value>AUTO</Value>
    <Value>1.0</Value>
    <Value>1.1</Value>
  </Option>
</CreationOptionList>

<OpenOptionList>
  <Option name="NUM_THREADS" type="string" description="Number of worker threads for compression. Can be set to ALL_CPUS" default="1" />
  <Option name="GEOTIFF_KEYS_FLAVOR" type="string-select" default="STANDARD" description="Which flavor of GeoTIFF keys must be used (for writing)">
    <Value>STANDARD</Value>
    <Value>ESRI_PE</Value>
  </Option>
  <Option name="GEOREF_SOURCES" type="string" description="Comma separated list made with values INTERNAL/TABFILE/WORLDFILE/PAM/NONE that describe the priority order for georeferencing" default="PAM,INTERNAL,TABFILE,WORLDFILE" />
  <Option name="SPARSE_OK" type="boolean" description="Should empty blocks be omitted on disk?" default="FALSE" />
</OpenOptionList>

  Other metadata items:
    LIBGEOTIFF=1700
    LIBTIFF=LIBTIFF, Version 4.1.0
Copyright (c) 1988-1996 Sam Leffler
Copyright (c) 1991-1996 Silicon Graphics, Inc.

optfile <filename>

读取命名文件并将内容替换到命令行选项列表中。以 # 开头的行将被忽略。多字参数可以用双引号放在一起。
在这里插入图片描述

config <key> <value>

将命名配置关键字设置为给定值，而不是将它们设置为环境变量。一些常见的配置关键字是 GDAL_CACHEMAX（内部用于缓存的内存，以兆字节为单位）和 GDAL_DATA（GDAL“数据”目录的路径）。个别驱动程序可能会受到其他配置选项的影响。

在这里插入图片描述

debug <value>

控制发出哪些调试消息。 ON 值将启用所有调试消息。 OFF 值将禁用所有调试消息。另一个值将仅选择在调试前缀代码中包含该字符串的调试消息。
在这里插入图片描述

help-general

给出通用 GDAL 命令行选项的简短使用消息并退出。
在这里插入图片描述

访问现有文件以读取它通常非常简单。只需在命令行上指明文件或数据集的名称即可。但是，创建文件更复杂。可能需要指出要创建的格式、影响其创建方式的各种创建选项以及可能要分配的坐标系。其中许多选项由不同的 GDAL 实用程序类似地处理，并在此处介绍。

of <format>

选择创建新文件的格式。这些格式被分配了短名称，例如 GTiff（用于 GeoTIFF）或 HFA（用于 Erdas Imagine）。可以使用 --formats 开关列出所有格式代码的列表。只能写入格式列表为 (rw)（读写）。

2.3 版新功能：如果未指定，则从扩展名中猜测格式。以前，光栅通常使用 GTiff，矢量使用 ESRI Shapefile。

co <NAME=VALUE>

许多格式具有一个或多个可选的创建选项，可用于控制有关创建的文件的详细信息。例如，GeoTIFF 驱动程序支持创建选项来控制压缩，以及文件是否应该平铺。

可用的创建选项因格式驱动程序而异，一些简单的格式根本没有创建选项。可以使用 –formats 命令行选项列出格式支持的选项列表，但格式的文档是有关驱动程序创建选项的最终信息来源。有关每种格式的合法创建选项，请参阅光栅驱动程序格式特定文档。

a_srs <srs>

s_srs <srs>

t_srs <srs>

一些实用程序（例如 gdal_translate 和 gdalwarp）包括使用 -a_srs（将 SRS 分配给输出）、-s_srs（源 SRS）和 -t_srs（目标 SRS）等命令行选项指定坐标系的能力。这些实用程序允许以各种格式分配坐标系（SRS = 空间参考系）。

NAD27|NAD83|WGS84|WGS72
这些名称可以直接使用这些常见的地理（纬度/经度）坐标系。
EPSG:n
可以根据 EPSG 代码选择坐标系（投影或地理）。例如，EPSG:27700 是英国国家电网。 EPSG 坐标系列表可以在 GDAL 数据文件 gcs.csv 和 pcs.csv 中找到。
PROJ.4 definition
PROJ.4 定义字符串可用作坐标系。注意将 proj.4 字符串作为命令的单个参数保存在一起（通常通过双引号）。
例如 +proj=utm +zone=11 +datum=WGS84。
OpenGIS Well Known Text
Open GIS Consortium 定义了一种用于描述坐标系的文本格式，作为简单要素规范的一部分。此格式是 GDAL 中使用的坐标系的内部工作格式。包含 WKT 坐标系定义的文件的名称可以用作坐标系参数，或者整个坐标系本身可以用作命令行选项（尽管转义 WKT 中的所有引号非常具有挑战性）。
ESRI Well Known Text
ESRI 在其 ArcGIS 产品（ArcGIS .prj 文件）中使用 OGC WKT 格式的细微变化，这些可能以与 WKT 文件类似的方式使用，但文件名应以 ESRI:: 为前缀。
例如，“ESRI::NAD 1927 StatePlane Wyoming West FIPS 4904.prj”。
Spatial References from URLs
例如 http://spatialreference.org/ref/user/north-pacific-albers-conic-equal-area/.
filename
可以提供包含 WKT、PROJ.4 字符串或 XML/GML 坐标系定义的文件。