Quartz是一款性能强大的定时任务调度器。开发人员可以使用Quartz让任务在特定时间特定阶段进行运行。比如对特定类型新闻或股指期货指数等内容的爬取,可以编写爬虫程序然后使用Quartz在后台指定特定时间点对任务进行执行,来自动收集信息。大型系统间数据的按时批量导入任务也可由Quartz进行调度。Quartz提供两种类型的任务触发方式,一种是按指定时间间隔触发任务,另一种是按指定日历时间触发任务。下面将对Quartz进行详细介绍。
一、Hello Quartz
下面首先实现一个简单实例。
新建maven项目,在pom.xml导入Quartz的jar包:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1</version>
</dependency>
定义HelloJob类,实现Job接口并定义具体的任务逻辑。
public class HelloJob implements Job {
@Override
public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
System.out.println("hello");
}
}
实例化Scheduler、Triggle和Job对象,并执行定时任务。
public class QuartzConsole {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
SchedulerFactory factory=new org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler=factory.getScheduler();//通过SchedulerFactory实例化Scheduler对象
scheduler.start();
JobDetail job=newJob(HelloJob.class)//指定Job的运行类
.withIdentity("myJob","group1")
.build();// name "myJob", group "group1"两个变量作为一个job的key
Trigger trigger=newTrigger().withIdentity("myTrigger","group1")// name "myTrigger", group "group1" 两个变量作为一个trigger的key
.startNow()
.withSchedule(simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInSeconds(5)
.repeatForever())//定义任务触发方式,每5秒执行一次,一直重复。
.build();
scheduler.scheduleJob(job,trigger);
}
}
运行程序每5秒执行一次Job。
Quartz通过Job、Triggle和Schedule实现任务的调度。三者关系如图所示。
**Job定义:**开发者实现Job接口,重写execute()方法定义具体Job实现。JobDetail接口定义一个job的相关配置细节。通过JobBuilder构建一个实现JobDetail接口的JobDetailImpl类,传入Scheduler对象。
**Triggle定义:**Triggle有两种触发器实现,SimpleTriggle按指定时间间隔进行触发,CronTriggle按指定日历时间进行触发。Triggle接口同Job类似定义了触发器的具体配置细节,由TriggleBuilder构建触发器实例。
**Scheduler定义:**Scheduler调度器由SchedulerFactory产生,start()方法定义schedule的执行,将实例化的Job和Triggle对象作为scheduleJob()的入参,由该方法执行具体任务的触发执行。
二、SimpleTriggle和CronTriggle触发器。
SimTriggle触发器可以指定某一个任务在一个特定时刻执行一次,或者在某一时刻开始执行然后重复若干次。
SimpleTriggle的代码实现如下。
public class SimpleTriggerJob implements Job {
@Override
public void execute(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {
SimpleDateFormat df=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
System.out.println("Hello SimpleTriggerJob -- "+df.format(new Date()));
}
}
//SimpleTrigger触发器按指定时间间隔调度任务
public class SimpleTriggerTester {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
JobDetail jobDetail=newJob(SimpleTriggerJob.class)
.withIdentity("simpleTriggerJob","group1")
.build();
//未来5秒后执行一次
// SimpleTrigger trigger=(SimpleTrigger) newTrigger()
// .withIdentity("simpleTrigger","group1")
// .startAt(futureDate(5, DateBuilder.IntervalUnit.SECOND))
// .forJob("simpleTriggerJob","group1")
// .build();
//从特定时间开始,然后每隔十秒执行1次,重复3次:
// SimpleTrigger trigger=(SimpleTrigger) newTrigger()
// .withIdentity("simpleTrigger","group1")
// .startAt(dateOf(18,11,40))
// .withSchedule(simpleSchedule()
// .withIntervalInSeconds(10)
// .withRepeatCount(3))
// .forJob("simpleTriggerJob","group1")
// .build();
//在每分钟开始时执行,每分钟执行一次,永远重复,直到指定时间点停止
SimpleTrigger trigger=(SimpleTrigger) newTrigger()
.withIdentity("simpleTrigger","group1")
.startAt(evenMinuteDate(null))
.withSchedule(simpleSchedule()
.withIntervalInMinutes(1)
.repeatForever())
.endAt(dateOf(18,22,0))
.forJob("simpleTriggerJob","group1")
.build();
SchedulerFactory factory=new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler=factory.getScheduler();
scheduler.start();
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger);
}
}
CronTriggle触发器作用范围更广,它是基于日历的概念而不是像SimpleTriggle触发器基于较短的一段特定时间间隔。
例如:可以使用CronTriggle触发器,指定任务在每个周五晚上7点执行一次;在每个月的倒数第二天早上7点执行三次;按照时区的变换对任务运行进行动态调整。
通过向cronSchedule()构造方法传递特定格式字符串配置任务的执行。
字符串格式如“Seconds Minutes Hours Day-of-Month Month Day-of-Week Year”
例如:
“0 30 10-12 ? * WED,FRI”表示每周三和周五的10:30,11:30,12:30各执行一次
“0 0/30 8-9 5,20 * ?”表示每个月第五天和第二十天的8点、9点每半个小时执行一次。
取值范围:
Seconds:0-60
Minutes :0-60
Hours:0-23
Day-of-Month:1-31
Month:1-12
Day-of-Week:1-7或SUN, MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI 和SAT.
“-”可代表从A到B时间段
“/”代表一个递增时间,A/B指在当前的时间域,从A开始每B个当前时间单位执行一次,等价于在该时间域的第A,A+B,A+2B…时刻各触发任务一次。
“?”用于day-of-month和day-of-week时间域,表示没有特别的设置。
“L”用于day-of-month和day-of-week时间域,指定每个月或每周的倒数第n天。day-of-month的“6L”或者“FRIL”代表每个月的最后一个周五。“L-3”代表从每个月的第三天到最后一天。
“A#B”在day-of-week时间域代表每个月的第B周的星期A。
CronTriggle的代码实现如下。
“*”在时间域上代表“每个”或者无限重复的意思。
CronTrigger实例代码如下:
//CronTrigger按指定日历时间运行job
// cronSchedule("_ _ _ _ _ _") 方法的6个参数代表的含义
// Seconds
// Minutes
// Hours
// Day-of-Month
// Month
// Day-of-Week
// Year (optional field)
// 具体参数设置见http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/documentation/quartz-2.2.x/tutorials/tutorial-lesson-06.html
public class CronTriggerTester {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
JobDetail jobDetail=newJob(CronTriggerJob.class)
.withIdentity("CronTriggerJob","group1")
.build();
//每天的指定小时分钟点执行一次
// Trigger trigger=newTrigger()
// .withIdentity("CronTrigger","group1")
// .forJob("CronTriggerJob","group1")
// .withSchedule(dailyAtHourAndMinute(19,7))
// .build();
//每周日每分钟的第五秒开始执行,每5秒执行一次
// Trigger trigger=newTrigger()
// .withIdentity("CronTrigger","group1")
// .forJob("CronTriggerJob","group1")
// .withSchedule(cronSchedule("0/5 * * ? * 1"))
// .build();
//按指定时区的时间执行
Trigger trigger=newTrigger()
.withIdentity("CronTrigger","group1")
.forJob("CronTriggerJob","group1")
.withSchedule(dailyAtHourAndMinute(19,23)
.inTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("Asia/Shanghai")))
.build();
SchedulerFactory factory=new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler= factory.getScheduler();
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger);
scheduler.start();
}
}
三、Listeners ——TriggerListeners、JobListeners和SchedulerListeners
监听器用来对Job、Trigger和Schedule运行过程中的所处的运行状态和运行行为进行监听。TriggerListeners、JobListeners和SchedulerListeners分别为一组接口。实现接口并重写接口方法,实现对监听器的定制化开发。 然后通过ListenerManager对监听器进行注册。
关于监听器的实例代码如下:
定制化的JobListner类:
public class MyJobListener implements JobListener{
@Override
public String getName() {
return "jobListener name is MyJobListener";
}
@Override
public void jobToBeExecuted(JobExecutionContext context) {
System.out.println("当前任务将要执行。");
}
@Override public void jobExecutionVetoed(JobExecutionContext context) {
System.out.println("当前任务执行被否决。");
}
@Override public void jobWasExecuted(JobExecutionContext context,
JobExecutionException jobException) {
System.out.println("当前任务执行完毕。");
}
}
定制化的TriggerListener类:
public class MyTriggerListener implements TriggerListener {
@Override public String getName() {
return "TriggerListener name is MyTriggerListener";
}
@Override public void triggerFired(Trigger trigger, JobExecutionContext context) {
System.out.println("触发器正在触发");
}
@Override public boolean vetoJobExecution(Trigger trigger, JobExecutionContext context) {
return false;
}
@Override public void triggerMisfired(Trigger trigger) {
System.out.println("触发器错过触发");
}
@Override public void triggerComplete(Trigger trigger, JobExecutionContext context,
Trigger.CompletedExecutionInstruction triggerInstructionCode) {
System.out.println("触发器触发完毕");
}
}
定制化的SchedulerListener类:
public class MySchedulerListener implements SchedulerListener {
@Override public void jobScheduled(Trigger trigger) {
System.out.println("jobScheduled");
}
@Override public void jobUnscheduled(TriggerKey triggerKey) {
System.out.println("jobScheduled");
}
@Override public void triggerFinalized(Trigger trigger) {
System.out.println("triggerFinalized");
}
@Override public void triggerPaused(TriggerKey triggerKey) {
System.out.println("triggerPaused");
}
@Override public void triggersPaused(String triggerGroup) {
System.out.println("triggersPaused");
}
@Override public void triggerResumed(TriggerKey triggerKey) {
System.out.println("triggerResumed");
}
@Override public void triggersResumed(String triggerGroup) {
System.out.println("triggersResumed");
}
@Override public void jobAdded(JobDetail jobDetail) {
System.out.println("jobAdded");
}
@Override public void jobDeleted(JobKey jobKey) {
System.out.println("jobDeleted");
}
@Override public void jobPaused(JobKey jobKey) {
System.out.println("jobPaused");
}
@Override public void jobsPaused(String jobGroup) {
System.out.println("jobsPaused");
}
@Override public void jobResumed(JobKey jobKey) {
System.out.println("jobResumed");
}
@Override public void jobsResumed(String jobGroup) {
System.out.println("jobsResumed");
}
@Override public void schedulerError(String msg, SchedulerException cause) {
System.out.println("schedulerError");
}
@Override public void schedulerInStandbyMode() {
System.out.println("schedulerInStandbyMode");
}
@Override public void schedulerStarted() {
System.out.println("schedulerStarted");
}
@Override public void schedulerStarting() {
System.out.println("schedulerStarting");
}
@Override public void schedulerShutdown() {
System.out.println("schedulerShutdown");
}
@Override public void schedulerShuttingdown() {
System.out.println("schedulerShuttingdown");
}
@Override public void schedulingDataCleared() {
System.out.println("schedulingDataCleared");
}
}
监听器测试类,Job使用HelloQuartz一节中的HelloJob类:
public class ListenerTester {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
//初始化调度器
SchedulerFactory factory=new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler=factory.getScheduler();
JobDetail jobDetail=newJob(HelloJob.class)
.withIdentity("printerJob","group2")
.build();
Trigger trigger=newTrigger().withIdentity("jobListenerTrigger","group2")
.startNow()
.withSchedule(simpleSchedule().withIntervalInSeconds(5))
.build();
//实例化监听器对象
MyJobListener listener=new MyJobListener();
MyTriggerListener triggerListener=new MyTriggerListener();
MySchedulerListener schedulerListener=new MySchedulerListener();
//通过调度器的ListenerManager注册JobListener和TriggerListener
//scheduler.getListenerManager().addJobListener(listener,and(jobGroupEquals("group2"),keyEquals(jobKey("printerJob","group2"))));
scheduler.getListenerManager().addJobListener(listener,keyEquals(jobKey("printerJob","group2")));
scheduler.getListenerManager().addTriggerListener(triggerListener,keyEquals(triggerKey("jobListenerTrigger","group2")));
scheduler.getListenerManager().addSchedulerListener(schedulerListener);
//删除JobListener
//scheduler.getListenerManager().removeJobListener(listener.getName());
//删除TriggerListener
//scheduler.getListenerManager().removeTriggerListener(triggerListener.getName());
//删除SchedulerListener
//scheduler.getListenerManager().removeSchedulerListener(schedulerListener);
scheduler.start();
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger);
}
四、Quartz的持久化配置
Quartz提供两种持久化方式,基于内存的RAMJobStore方式和基于磁盘介质的JDBCJobStore方式。上文实例使用的是Quartz的基于内存的持久化方式,优点是内存存储执行高效,缺点很明显,当操作系统崩溃或其他异常导致定时器终止将无法恢复之前状态。
下面介绍Quartz的JDBCJobStore持久化配置,Quartz提供基于多种数据库的持久化配置形式。本文以mySql 5.6为例对Quartz进行配置。
官网下载Quartz的压缩包。
首先建立数据存储表,Quartz压缩包下的**\docs\dbTables提供对多种数据库的sql建表语句支持。使用tables_mysql_innodb.sql在mysql数据库中建立相关数据表。注意Quartz默认数据表以QRTZ_**开头,可以修改为自己的命名规则。
一共建立11张表,根据名称可猜测大致
QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS;
QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS;
QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE;
QRTZ_LOCKS;
QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS;
QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS;
QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS;
QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS;
QRTZ_TRIGGERS;
QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS;
QRTZ_CALENDARS;
在项目中进行配置,Quartz使用JDBC进行数据库连接。导入最新的mysql jdbc connector数据源。因为使用的是较新的5.6版本mysql,建议使用最新的msql myconnector,不然有可能会报sql格式错误异常。
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.31</version>
</dependency>
resources目录下建立quartz.properties进行配置,Quartz会自动加载。关键配置参数和相关解释如下:
#集群配置
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName: DefaultQuartzScheduler
#如果运行在非集群环境中,自动产生值将会是 NON_CLUSTERED。假如是在集群环境下,将会是主机名加上当前的日期和时间。
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId:AUTO
org.quartz.scheduler.rmi.export: false
org.quartz.scheduler.rmi.proxy: false
org.quartz.scheduler.wrapJobExecutionInUserTransaction: false
#Quartz 自带的线程池实现类是 org.quartz.smpl.SimpleThreadPool
org.quartz.threadPool.class: org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool
#根据任务的多少灵活配置线程池中线程的数量
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount: 10
org.quartz.threadPool.threadPriority: 5
org.quartz.threadPool.threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread: true
org.quartz.jobStore.misfireThreshold: 60000
#============================================================================
# Configure JobStore
#============================================================================
#默认配置,数据保存到内存
#org.quartz.jobStore.class: org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore
#持久化配置
org.quartz.jobStore.class:org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX
org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass:org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
org.quartz.jobStore.useProperties:true
#数据库表前缀
#org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix:qrtz_
#注意这里设定的数据源名称为dbqz
org.quartz.jobStore.dataSource:dbqz
#============================================================================
# Configure Datasources
#============================================================================
#org.quartz.jobStore.selectWithLockSQL = SELECT * FROM {0}LOCKS WHERE LOCK_NAME = ? FOR UPDATE
#org.quartz.dataSource.dbqz.validationQuery=SELECT 1
#JDBC驱动
org.quartz.dataSource.dbqz.driver:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
org.quartz.dataSource.dbqz.URL:jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/quartz?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
org.quartz.dataSource.dbqz.user:数据库用户名
org.quartz.dataSource.dbqz.password:密码
org.quartz.dataSource.dbqz.maxConnection:10
实例代码:
public class DBScheduleTest {
private static String JOB_GROUP_NAME = "ddlib";
private static String TRIGGER_GROUP_NAME = "ddlibTrigger";
public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException, ParseException {
// startJob();
resumeJob();
}
public static void startJob() throws SchedulerException {
SchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler=factory.getScheduler();
JobDetail jobDetail=newJob(PersistenceJob.class)
.withIdentity("job_1","jobGroup1")
.build();
Trigger trigger=newTrigger()
.withIdentity("trigger_1","triggerGroup1")
.startNow()
.withSchedule(simpleSchedule().repeatSecondlyForTotalCount(100))
.build();
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger);
scheduler.start();
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
scheduler.shutdown();
}
public static void resumeJob() throws SchedulerException {
SchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
// 获取调度器中所有的触发器组
List<String> triggerGroups = scheduler.getTriggerGroupNames();
// 重新恢复在triggerGroup1组中,名为trigger_1触发器的运行
for (int i = 0; i < triggerGroups.size(); i++) {
List<String> triggers = scheduler.getTriggerGroupNames();
for (int j = 0; j < triggers.size(); j++) {
Trigger tg = scheduler.getTrigger(new TriggerKey(triggers
.get(j), triggerGroups.get(i)));
// 根据名称判断
if (tg instanceof SimpleTrigger
&& tg.getDescription().equals("triggerGroup1.trigger_1")) {
// 恢复运行
scheduler.resumeJob(new JobKey(triggers.get(j),
triggerGroups.get(i)));
}
}
}
scheduler.start();
}
}
自定义Job类PersistenceJob:
public class PersistenceJob implements Job {
private static int i=0;
@Override
public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
System.out.println("job执行--"+new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date())+"--"+i++);
}
}
startJob()执行一个job,并设置触发器,每隔一秒执行一次,一共执行100次,在10秒之后,线程终止并让schedule关闭。观察数据库表结构。该job以及job的执行情况已经更新进数据表。
resumeJob()重新创建schedule,并从数据库中查找拥有相同key的触发器,schedule.resuemeJob()恢复任务的运行。当任务结束删除数据表中的Job相关注册信息。
五、Spring集成Quartz
spring提供对quartz的集成。通过对quartz相关bean的配置实现对quartz的加载。以spring boot为例,首先在maven项目的pom.xml中导入相关包:
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
然后同上文配置quartz的jdbc持久化存储。
在resources下添加quartz-context.xml,对quartz进行配置。
其中对job的构建方式有两种,一种是通过org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean进行job构建,要实现Job接口。另一种是通过org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean对job进行构建,不用实现job接口。
quartz-context.xml配置如下:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd">
<!--job任务配置,有两种方式-->
<!--方式一:使用JobDetailFactoryBean,要求关联的类要实现Job接口-->
<bean id="jobDetailTester" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="durability" value="true"></property>
<property name="requestsRecovery" value="true"></property>
<property name="jobClass" value="com.czx.job.HelloJob"></property>
<property name="jobDataAsMap">
<map>
<entry key="size" value="10"></entry>
</map>
</property>
</bean>
<!--方式二:使用MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean-->
<!--注意,MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean的提示:
NOTE: JobDetails created via this FactoryBean are not
serializable and thus not suitable for persistent job stores.
You need to implement your own Quartz Job as a thin wrapper for each case
where you want a persistent job to delegate to a specific service method.
因为使用的基于数据库的持久化存储,所以在使用这种方式构建job对象时会报java序列化异常:Java.io.NotSerializableException:
Unable to serialize JobDataMap for insertion into database because
the value of property 'methodInvoker' is not serializable:
org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean-->
<!--此种方式不推荐-->
<bean id="methodInvokingJobDetailTester" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="concurrent" value="false"></property>
<property name="targetObject">
<ref bean="springJobTester"></ref><!--要关联的job任务类-->
</property>
<property name="targetMethod">
<value>service</value>
</property><!--要执行方法的名称-->
</bean>
<bean id="springJobTester" class="com.czx.job.SpringJobTester"></bean>
<!--quartz 2.x scheduler启动开始-->
<bean name="scheduleFactory" lazy-init="false" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="autoStartup" value="true"></property>
<property name="startupDelay" value="10"></property>
<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref bean="cronTriggerTester"></ref>
<!--<ref bean="simpleTriggerTester"></ref> 会报序列化异常,原因如上所述-->
</list>
</property>
<property name="applicationContextSchedulerContextKey" value="applicationContext"></property>
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:quartz.properties"></property>
</bean>
<!--触发器Trigger配置-->
<!--基于CronTrigger的触发方式-->
<bean id="cronTriggerTester" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetail" ref="jobDetailTester"></property>
<property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * ? * MON"></property>
</bean>
<!--基于SimpleTrigger的触发方式-->
<bean id="simpleTriggerTester" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetail" ref="methodInvokingJobDetailTester"></property>
<property name="repeatInterval" value="2000"></property>
<property name="startDelay" value="0"></property>
<property name="jobDataAsMap">
<map>
<entry key="size" value="10"></entry>
</map>
</property>
<property name="repeatCount" value="10"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
六、基于Spring QuartzJobBean的Quartz Job配置方式##
在实际情况中,自定义的job往往需要调用service和dao层的方法,对相关操作进行持久化。为了避免各模块间的高耦合。引入Spring QuartzJobBean,然后通过反射机制对具体业务逻辑方法进行调用。Spring QuartzJobBean是一个实现Job接口的抽象类,阅读源码发现executeInternal()在重写excute()的同时,将JobDetail中定义的DataMap键值映射为继承其子类的成员变量。我们通过继承QuartzJobBean定义自己的JobBean,然后设置与xml中对应job dataMap键值对相同的配置项为成员变量。通过设置jobData的targetClass和targetMethod两个键值对,来传递需要调用的业务类中的具体方法信息,最后在自定义的JobBean中通过反射机制获取该方法。具体实例如下:
首先定义继承QuartzJobBean的JobBean,MyQuartzJobBean.java
public class MyQuartzJobBean extends QuartzJobBean{
/**目标类*/
private String targetObject;
/**要执行的方法*/
private String targetMethod;
@Override
protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext context)//executeInternal方法会将配置的job Data 键-值 作为该类的成员变量
throws JobExecutionException {
try {
ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Object targetClass=ctx.getBean(targetObject);
Method method=null;
//反射机制调用
method=targetClass.getClass().getMethod(targetMethod,new Class[]{JobExecutionContext.class});
method.invoke(targetClass,new Object[]{context});
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//不可删除,QuartzJobBean通过set的方法,将job data值赋值给成员变量
public void setTargetObject(String targetObject) {
this.targetObject = targetObject;
}
public void setTargetMethod(String targetMethod) {
this.targetMethod = targetMethod;
}
}
定义具体业务类SpringJobTester.java,实现具体Job的业务逻辑。
public class SpringJobTester{
//实现Job的具体业务方法
public void someService(JobExecutionContext context)
{
SimpleDateFormat df=new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
System.out.println("Hello SpringJobTester!----"+df.format(new Date()));
}
}
quartz-context.xml配置如下:
<bean id="proxyJobBeanTester" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="durability" value="true"></property>
<property name="requestsRecovery" value="true"></property>
<property name="jobClass" value="com.czx.job.MyQuartzJobBean"></property>
<property name="jobDataAsMap"> <!--使用JobData进行传参指定具体job类和具体的执行方法,与MyQuartzJobBean成员变量对应-->
<map>
<entry key="targetObject" value="springJobTester"></entry><!--具体业务类的引用-->
<entry key="targetMethod" value="someService"></entry><!--具体业务方法名-->
</map>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="myQuartzJobBean" class="com.czx.job.MyQuartzJobBean"></bean>
<!--通过spring applicationContext获得该bean-->
<bean id="springJobTester" class="com.czx.job.SpringJobTester"></bean>
<!--scheduler配置启动-->
<bean name="scheduleFactory" lazy-init="false" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="autoStartup" value="true"></property>
<property name="startupDelay" value="5"></property>
<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref bean="simpleTriggerForProxy"/>
</list>
</property>
<property name="applicationContextSchedulerContextKey" value="applicationContext"></property>
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:quartz.properties"></property>
</bean>
<!--触发器Trigger配置-->
<!--基于SimpleTrigger的触发方式-->
<bean id="simpleTriggerForProxy" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetail" ref="proxyJobBeanTester"></property>
<property name="repeatInterval" value="2000"></property> <!--触发间隔2秒-->
<property name="startDelay" value="1"></property>
<property name="repeatCount" value="10"></property>
</bean>