javaEE：day6-requset和response用法、表单参数的接受、文件手动上传（简易版）

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-05 12:55:02 发布

new___Smile

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-05 12:55:02 发布

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分类专栏： javaWeb 文章标签： java ee 表单参数提交文件上传手动版

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通过`<%=request.getContextPath() %>` 可以将项目名写活，这样，即使项目名变了，仍可以运行。

request代码每一次请求的容器。浏览器每次请求都是一个新的request对象。因此放在request里面的属性`request.getAttribute()`是空的,上一个request放的属性`request.setAttribute()` 是上一个的。与这次无关。但如果是转发的时候，那么request对象是共享的。这种情况下，两次的request是同一个。这种情况下，里面的属性可以共用的。

setCharacterEncoding()和getCharacterEncoding()

`setCharacterEncoding()`只对post请求方式有效,因为它只设置请求体(正文)中内容的读取编码

如果不设置setCharacterEncoding()，那么默认的`request.getCharacterEncoding()`是iso8859-1 返回的是null

getContentType()

如果是get提交则返回null

如果是post方式提交则返回：application/x-www-form-urlencoded

通过getMethod()判断请求方式，同时演示GET方式下的中文乱码解决

tomcat直接用iso8859-1解码，属于解码错误，如果非要用这种方式传中文，那么先还原再编码：

name = new String(name.getBytes("iso8859-1"),"utf-8");

注意，在get方式下的中文乱码解决不可靠。–如果避不开，那么就明确告诉用户，要使用什么浏览器访问!因为有的浏览器支持，而有的浏览器不支持。以上例子就有ie不支持，360支持。

获取客户端的国际化信息—浏览器Internet选项中设置的语言环境—-request.getLocale()

local.getCountry()

local.getDisplayCountry()

local.getDisplayLanguage()

local.getDisplayName()

参数接受–表单参数接受

单个参数值

request.getParameter("name")；

多个参数值

方法1：

        String hoby[]=request.getParameterValues("hoby");//如果某个参数的值有好几个，用这个方法
        if (hoby!=null) {
            for (String str : hoby) {
                out.print( "<br/>"+str);
                System.out.println(str);
            }
        }

方法2：一次将所有表单参数封装到map中，然后通过操纵map拿值

        //演示getParameterMap()
        Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
        遍历出所有参数及值
        Iterator<Entry<String, String[]>> it = map.entrySet().iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            Entry<String, String[]> en = it.next();
            String key = en.getKey();
            String[] value = en.getValue();
            out.println("参数名称:"+key);
            for(String v:value){
                out.print("参数值:"+v+"&nbsp;&nbsp;");
            }
        }

获取客户端的ip和端口号

        String ip= request.getRemoteHost();
        int port = request.getRemotePort();
        out.print("<br>"+ip+":"+port);

request.getQueryString()

request.getQueryString()是将get方式提交的请求地址？后面的都封装成一个字符串。

文件上传

简易版：手动处理文件上传

在<form>中加入属性：enctype="multipart/form-data" 这样拿到的就是多段字符串。而不是一个文件名。但是这种手动上传很麻烦，要自己去解析。我们在下一篇博客文章中使用阿帕奇公司-Commons-io.jar 和 Commos-fileupload.jar写好的去做文件上传

本文完整代码如下：

index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
        <title>演示request和response用法</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <!--通过request.getContextPath()可以把项目根目录(项目名)写活  -->
        <form action="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/requestDemo" method="post">
            姓名:<input type="text" name="name" /><br/>
            <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
        </form>
        <!-- 演示表单参数的接受 -->
        <form action="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/param" method="post">
            姓名:<input type="text" name="name" /><br/>
            年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br/>
            <input type="checkbox" name="hoby" value="music" />音乐&nbsp;&nbsp;
            <input type="checkbox" name="hoby" value="tv" />电视&nbsp;&nbsp;
            <input type="checkbox" name="hoby" value="game" />游戏<br/>
            <input type="radio" name="sex" value="0" checked="checked" >男&nbsp;&nbsp;
            <input type="radio" name="sex" value="1">女
            <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
        </form>
        <!-- 演示文件上传 -->
        <h2>文件上传手动版</h2>
        <form action="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/upload1" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> 
            文件名:<input type="file" name="fileName">
            <input type="submit" value="上传">
        </form>
        <!-- 上面这种手动上传 的方法不好。要自己解析，麻烦，我们用阿帕奇公司-Commons-io.jar 和 Commos-fileupload.jar写好的去做文件上传 -->

  </body>
</html>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" 
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
  <display-name></display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>RequestDemo</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>cn.hncu.servlets.RequestDemo</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>name</param-name>
        <param-value>Hello</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>ParamerServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>cn.hncu.servlets.ParamerServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>UpFileServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>cn.hncu.servlets.UpFileServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>



  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>RequestDemo</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/requestDemo</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ParamerServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/param</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>UpFileServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/upload1</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>    
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

RequestDemo

package cn.hncu.servlets;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class RequestDemo extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
        out.println("<HTML>");
        out.println("  <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
        out.println("  <BODY>");
        out.print(request);
        //每一次请求，request对象是新的，因此这里读取的属性是null，因为之前放进去的属性是属于另一个request对象
        //如果是转发，那么request对象是共享的即是同一个，这种情况下，里面的属性可以共用
        int num = new Random().nextInt(200);
        if(request.getAttribute("name")==null){
            System.out.println("放入:"+num);
            request.setAttribute("name", num);
        }

        //setCharacterEncoding()只对post请求方式有效,因为它只设置请求体(正文)中内容的读取编码
        //以下演示setCharacterEncoding()和getCharacterEncoding()
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String character = request.getCharacterEncoding();//utf-8
        //如果没有设置的话 默认的request.getCharacterEncoding()是iso8859-1 返回的是null
//      String character = request.getCharacterEncoding();//null
        System.out.println(character);

        //以下演示getContentType()----如果是get提交则返回null，
        //如果是post方式提交则返回：application/x-www-form-urlencoded
        String contextType = request.getContentType();
        System.out.println(contextType);//application/x-www-form-urlencoded

        //下面演示通过getMethod()判断请求方式，同时演示GET方式下的中文乱码解决--
        //注意，不可靠!!!--如果避不开，那么就明确告诉用户，要使用什么浏览器访问!
        String name = request.getParameter("name");
        if(request.getMethod().equals("GET")){
            System.out.println("DOGET...");
            name = new String(name.getBytes("iso8859-1"),"utf-8");
            System.out.println(name);
            out.print("<br/>name:"+name);
        }

        //获取客户端的国际化信息---浏览器Internet选项中设置的语言环境
        Locale local = request.getLocale();
        out.println("<br/>Country:"+local.getCountry());//Country:CN 
        out.println("<br/>DisplayCountry:"+local.getDisplayCountry());//DisplayCountry:中国 
        out.println("<br/>DisplayLanguage:"+local.getDisplayLanguage());//DisplayLanguage:中文 
        out.println("<br/>DisplayName:"+local.getDisplayName());//DisplayName:中文 (中国) 

        out.println("<br/>"+request.getAttribute("name"));
        out.println("  </BODY>");
        out.println("</HTML>");
        out.flush();
        out.close();
    }

}

ParamerServlet

package cn.hncu.servlets;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class ParamerServlet extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
        out.println("<HTML>");
        out.println("  <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
        out.println("  <BODY>");
        String name = request.getParameter("name");//读取单个参数值
        String age = request.getParameter("age");
        out.println("name:"+name);
        out.println("age:"+age);
        String hoby[]=request.getParameterValues("hoby");//如果某个参数的值有好几个，用这个方法
        if (hoby!=null) {
            for (String str : hoby) {
                out.print( "<br/>"+str);
                System.out.println(str);
            }
        }
        String sex = request.getParameter("sex");
        if ("1".equals(sex)) {
            out.print("<br/>女" );
        }else{
            out.print("<br/>男" );
        }
        System.out.println("sex="+sex);

        //演示getParameterMap()
        Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
        遍历出所有参数及值
        Iterator<Entry<String, String[]>> it = map.entrySet().iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            Entry<String, String[]> en = it.next();
            String key = en.getKey();
            String[] value = en.getValue();
            out.println("参数名称:"+key);
            for(String v:value){
                out.print("参数值:"+v+"&nbsp;&nbsp;");
            }
        }
        获取客户端的ip和端口号
        String ip= request.getRemoteHost();
        int port = request.getRemotePort();
        out.print("<br>"+ip+":"+port);
        String queryStr= request.getQueryString();
        out.println("queryStr:"+queryStr);
        out.println("  </BODY>");
        out.println("</HTML>");
        out.flush();
        out.close();
    }

}

UpFileServlet

package cn.hncu.servlets;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class UpFileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        InputStream in = request.getInputStream();
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
        String line = null;
        while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
            System.out.println(line);
        }

    }

}