Java sun.misc.URL

JDK源码中的构造方法，并看一下方法的注释。

 

核心抽象：

        Creates a URL object from the specified protocol, host, port number, and file.

支持协议：

       Protocol handlers for the following protocols are guaranteed to exist on the search path :-
           http, https, file, and jar

 

附： JDK 1.8 源码

     /**
     * Creates a {@code URL} object from the specified
     * {@code protocol}, {@code host}, {@code port}
     * number, and {@code file}.<p>
     *
     * {@code host} can be expressed as a host name or a literal
     * IP address. If IPv6 literal address is used, it should be
     * enclosed in square brackets ({@code '['} and {@code ']'}), as
     * specified by <a
     * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2732.txt">RFC&nbsp;2732</a>;
     * However, the literal IPv6 address format defined in <a
     * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt"><i>RFC&nbsp;2373: IP
     * Version 6 Addressing Architecture</i></a> is also accepted.<p>
     *
     * Specifying a {@code port} number of {@code -1}
     * indicates that the URL should use the default port for the
     * protocol.<p>
     *
     * If this is the first URL object being created with the specified
     * protocol, a <i>stream protocol handler</i> object, an instance of
     * class {@code URLStreamHandler}, is created for that protocol:
     * <ol>
     * <li>If the application has previously set up an instance of
     *     {@code URLStreamHandlerFactory} as the stream handler factory,
     *     then the {@code createURLStreamHandler} method of that instance
     *     is called with the protocol string as an argument to create the
     *     stream protocol handler.
     * <li>If no {@code URLStreamHandlerFactory} has yet been set up,
     *     or if the factory's {@code createURLStreamHandler} method
     *     returns {@code null}, then the constructor finds the
     *     value of the system property:
     *     <blockquote><pre>
     *         java.protocol.handler.pkgs
     *     </pre></blockquote>
     *     If the value of that system property is not {@code null},
     *     it is interpreted as a list of packages separated by a vertical
     *     slash character '{@code |}'. The constructor tries to load
     *     the class named:
     *     <blockquote><pre>
     *         &lt;<i>package</i>&gt;.&lt;<i>protocol</i>&gt;.Handler
     *     </pre></blockquote>
     *     where &lt;<i>package</i>&gt; is replaced by the name of the package
     *     and &lt;<i>protocol</i>&gt; is replaced by the name of the protocol.
     *     If this class does not exist, or if the class exists but it is not
     *     a subclass of {@code URLStreamHandler}, then the next package
     *     in the list is tried.
     * <li>If the previous step fails to find a protocol handler, then the
     *     constructor tries to load from a system default package.
     *     <blockquote><pre>
     *         &lt;<i>system default package</i>&gt;.&lt;<i>protocol</i>&gt;.Handler
     *     </pre></blockquote>
     *     If this class does not exist, or if the class exists but it is not a
     *     subclass of {@code URLStreamHandler}, then a
     *     {@code MalformedURLException} is thrown.
     * </ol>
     *
     * <p>Protocol handlers for the following protocols are guaranteed
     * to exist on the search path :-
     * <blockquote><pre>
     *     http, https, file, and jar
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * Protocol handlers for additional protocols may also be
     * available.
     *
     * <p>No validation of the inputs is performed by this constructor.
     *
     * @param      protocol   the name of the protocol to use.
     * @param      host       the name of the host.
     * @param      port       the port number on the host.
     * @param      file       the file on the host
     * @exception  MalformedURLException  if an unknown protocol is specified.
     * @see        java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String)
     * @see        java.net.URL#setURLStreamHandlerFactory(
     *                  java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory)
     * @see        java.net.URLStreamHandler
     * @see        java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory#createURLStreamHandler(
     *                  java.lang.String)
     */    
     public URL(String protocol, String host, String file)
            throws MalformedURLException {
        this(protocol, host, -1, file);
    }

    public URL(String protocol, String host, int port, String file)
        throws MalformedURLException
    {
        this(protocol, host, port, file, null);
    }

    public URL(String protocol, String host, int port, String file,
               URLStreamHandler handler) throws MalformedURLException {
        if (handler != null) {
            SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
            if (sm != null) {
                // check for permission to specify a handler
                checkSpecifyHandler(sm);
            }
        }

        protocol = protocol.toLowerCase();
        this.protocol = protocol;
        if (host != null) {

            /**
             * if host is a literal IPv6 address,
             * we will make it conform to RFC 2732
             */
            if (host.indexOf(':') >= 0 && !host.startsWith("[")) {
                host = "["+host+"]";
            }
            this.host = host;

            if (port < -1) {
                throw new MalformedURLException("Invalid port number :" +
                                                    port);
            }
            this.port = port;
            authority = (port == -1) ? host : host + ":" + port;
        }

        Parts parts = new Parts(file);
        path = parts.getPath();
        query = parts.getQuery();

        if (query != null) {
            this.file = path + "?" + query;
        } else {
            this.file = path;
        }
        ref = parts.getRef();

        // Note: we don't do validation of the URL here. Too risky to change
        // right now, but worth considering for future reference. -br
        if (handler == null &&
            (handler = getURLStreamHandler(protocol)) == null) {
            throw new MalformedURLException("unknown protocol: " + protocol);
        }
        this.handler = handler;
    }

JVM启动时，通过 Launcher启动，优先加载了URLCLassPath，其中的资源地址采用file协议的url进行初始化及加载。 

 

启动过程中会通过URL作为资源地址，并通过com.net.www.protocol 下的协议handler加载启动类资源。