1、application对象概述
application对象作用范围是整个项目,该对象提供了项目环境属性的访问方法。比如在web.xml文件中,提供的初始化参数(< context-parama>标签),连接数据库的URL、用户名、密码。对应javax.servlet.ServletConfig.class对象。application对象常用的方法如下:
方法 | 返回值 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
getAttribute(String name) | Object | 通过关键字返回保存在application对象中的值 |
getAttributeNames() | Enumeration | 获得所有application对象使用的属性名 |
setAttribute(String key,Object obj) | void | 指定一个名称,将一个对象保存在application |
getMajorVersion() | int | 获得服务器支持的Servlet版本号 |
getServletInfo() | String | 获得JSP引擎相关信息 |
removeAttribute(String name) | void | 删除application对象中指定名称的属性 |
getRealPath() | String | 返回虚拟路径的真实路径 |
getInitParameter(String name) | String | 获得指定name的参数值 |
2、实例示范:
web.xml文件中配置初始化参数:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<context-param> <!-- 定义连接数据库URL -->
<param-name>url</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_database15</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param> <!-- 定义连接数据库用户名 -->
<param-name>name</param-name>
<param-value>root</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param> <!-- 定义连接数据库mim -->
<param-name>password</param-name>
<param-value>111</param-value>
</context-param>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
在index.jsp页面访问初始化参数:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gbk" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<%
String url = application.getInitParameter("url"); //获取初始化参数,与web.xml文件中内容对应
String name = application.getInitParameter("name");
String password = application.getInitParameter("password");
out.println("URL: "+url+"<br>");
out.println("name: "+name+"<br>");
out.println("password: "+password+"<br>");
%>
</body>
</html>