synchronized同步对象不能是Integer等类型

之前用java多线程模拟售票系统时,曾使用Integer来代表总数并作为同步对象:

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

public class SellTicket {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
		//方法1,创建Thread子类进行提交,同步控制失败
		Integer tickets = Integer.valueOf(10);
		TicketWindow tw = new TicketWindow(tickets);
		for(int i=1; i<4; i++){
			FutureTask<Void> ft = new FutureTask<Void>(tw);		
			Thread t = new Thread(ft,"TickWindow-" + i);
			t.start();
		}
		
		//方法2,创建线程池提交,会出现三个窗口各自卖10张票
//		Integer tickets = Integer.valueOf(10);
//		ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//		for(int i=1; i<4; i++){
//			TicketWindow tw = new TicketWindow(tickets);
//			Future<Void> future = executorService.submit(tw);
//		}
//		executorService.shutdown();
	}
}

class TicketWindow implements Callable<Void>{
	//private int tickets = 10;//车票总量
	
	private Integer tickets;
	
	public TicketWindow(Integer tickets){
		this.tickets = tickets;
	}
	
	@Override
	public Void call(){
		while(true){
			synchronized (tickets) {
				if(tickets>0){
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "准备出票,剩余票数:" + tickets + "张");
					--tickets;
	                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "卖出一张,剩余票数:" + tickets + "张");
	                try {
						Thread.sleep(1);
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
				else{
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "余票不足,停止售票!");
					break;
				}
			}	
		}
		return null;
	}
}

方法一是会出现同步失败的:

TickWindow-1准备出票,剩余票数:10张
TickWindow-1卖出一张,剩余票数:9张
TickWindow-2准备出票,剩余票数:9张
TickWindow-2卖出一张,剩余票数:8张
TickWindow-3准备出票,剩余票数:8张
TickWindow-3卖出一张,剩余票数:7张
TickWindow-1准备出票,剩余票数:7张
TickWindow-1卖出一张,剩余票数:6张
TickWindow-1准备出票,剩余票数:6张
TickWindow-1卖出一张,剩余票数:5张
TickWindow-2准备出票,剩余票数:5张
TickWindow-2卖出一张,剩余票数:4张
TickWindow-3准备出票,剩余票数:4张
TickWindow-3卖出一张,剩余票数:3张
TickWindow-1准备出票,剩余票数:3张
TickWindow-1卖出一张,剩余票数:2张
TickWindow-3准备出票,剩余票数:2张
TickWindow-3卖出一张,剩余票数:1张
TickWindow-1准备出票,剩余票数:1张
TickWindow-2准备出票,剩余票数:1张
TickWindow-2卖出一张,剩余票数:-1张
TickWindow-1卖出一张,剩余票数:0张
TickWindow-3余票不足,停止售票!
TickWindow-1余票不足,停止售票!
TickWindow-2余票不足,停止售票!

方法二则会直接是3个窗口各自卖10张票:

pool-1-thread-1准备出票,剩余票数:10张
pool-1-thread-1卖出一张,剩余票数:9张
pool-1-thread-1准备出票,剩余票数:9张
pool-1-thread-1卖出一张,剩余票数:8张
pool-1-thread-3准备出票,剩余票数:10张
pool-1-thread-3卖出一张,剩余票数:9张
pool-1-thread-1准备出票,剩余票数:8张
pool-1-thread-1卖出一张,剩余票数:7张
pool-1-thread-3准备出票,剩余票数:9张
pool-1-thread-3卖出一张,剩余票数:8张
pool-1-thread-2准备出票,剩余票数:10张
pool-1-thread-2卖出一张,剩余票数:9张
pool-1-thread-3准备出票,剩余票数:8张
pool-1-thread-3卖出一张,剩余票数:7张
pool-1-thread-1准备出票,剩余票数:7张
pool-1-thread-1卖出一张,剩余票数:6张
pool-1-thread-2准备出票,剩余票数:9张
pool-1-thread-2卖出一张,剩余票数:8张
pool-1-thread-1准备出票,剩余票数:6张
pool-1-thread-1卖出一张,剩余票数:5张
pool-1-thread-3准备出票,剩余票数:7张
pool-1-thread-3卖出一张,剩余票数:6张
pool-1-thread-2准备出票,剩余票数:8张
pool-1-thread-2卖出一张,剩余票数:7张
pool-1-thread-1准备出票,剩余票数:5张
pool-1-thread-3准备出票,剩余票数:6张
pool-1-thread-1卖出一张,剩余票数:4张
pool-1-thread-3卖出一张,剩余票数:5张
pool-1-thread-2准备出票,剩余票数:7张
pool-1-thread-2卖出一张,剩余票数:6张
pool-1-thread-3准备出票,剩余票数:5张
pool-1-thread-3卖出一张,剩余票数:4张
pool-1-thread-1准备出票,剩余票数:4张
pool-1-thread-1卖出一张,剩余票数:3张
pool-1-thread-2准备出票,剩余票数:6张
pool-1-thread-2卖出一张,剩余票数:5张
pool-1-thread-1准备出票,剩余票数:3张
pool-1-thread-3准备出票,剩余票数:4张
pool-1-thread-3卖出一张,剩余票数:3张
pool-1-thread-1卖出一张,剩余票数:2张
pool-1-thread-2准备出票,剩余票数:5张
pool-1-thread-2卖出一张,剩余票数:4张
pool-1-thread-1准备出票,剩余票数:2张
pool-1-thread-1卖出一张,剩余票数:1张
pool-1-thread-3准备出票,剩余票数:3张
pool-1-thread-3卖出一张,剩余票数:2张
pool-1-thread-2准备出票,剩余票数:4张
pool-1-thread-2卖出一张,剩余票数:3张
pool-1-thread-1准备出票,剩余票数:1张
pool-1-thread-1卖出一张,剩余票数:0张
pool-1-thread-3准备出票,剩余票数:2张
pool-1-thread-3卖出一张,剩余票数:1张
pool-1-thread-2准备出票,剩余票数:3张
pool-1-thread-2卖出一张,剩余票数:2张
pool-1-thread-1余票不足,停止售票!
pool-1-thread-3准备出票,剩余票数:1张
pool-1-thread-3卖出一张,剩余票数:0张
pool-1-thread-2准备出票,剩余票数:2张
pool-1-thread-2卖出一张,剩余票数:1张
pool-1-thread-3余票不足,停止售票!
pool-1-thread-2准备出票,剩余票数:1张
pool-1-thread-2卖出一张,剩余票数:0张
pool-1-thread-2余票不足,停止售票!

之所以出现这样的情况,是因为Integer的自动拆箱装箱特性:

synchronized (tickets) {
    --tickets;
}

其实相当于:

synchronized (tickets) {
    tickets=new Integer(--tickets);
}

tickets已经是一个新的Integer对象了. 

解决办法:可使用线程安全的AtomicInteger

因此:其他基本类型的封装类型,如Short,Long,Double,Float等,也不能作为同步对象.

参考:

https://blog.csdn.net/joeyon1985/article/details/39002323

http://gao-xianglong.iteye.com/blog/2396071