文章目录
内个, 祝各位七夕快乐 ^ _ ^
1. 前言
1.1 说明
此处为Java 版，封装了邮件发送工具，支持smtp 服务的邮箱，对发件人邮箱要求开通smtp 服务，否则不会发送邮件。
发件邮箱发件过多时，可能会被收件邮箱作为恶意发件人，之后再接收该发件人的邮件会作为垃圾邮件。
1.2 建议
生产环境配置多发件人使用轮询机制发送。
收件人标记发件人不是垃圾邮件。
1.3 源码
https://github.com/niaonao/email
2. 发件人邮箱开通smtp 服务
2.1 为什么开通smtp 服务
点击链接可以看下原理
简单的说，邮件可以通过smtp 协议在各个邮件服务器之间传输。
2.2 开启服务的步骤
- 开启smtp服务;
- 获取授权码/密码;
此授权码用于第三方邮件客户端登录时作为账号密码验证账号登录。
授权码可以重置。
/**
* 邮件发送者账户
* 邮件发送协议 smtp 账号密码/账号授权码
*/
private static final String emailSenderAccount = "2171128382@qq.com";
private static final String emailSenderAuthCode = "ojaerigbrwgmdjed";
2.3 普通邮箱开启服务图文
（1）腾讯邮箱
（2）网易邮箱
3. 工具类封装
3.1 邮件依赖管理
<!-- 邮件: https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.sun.mail/javax.mail -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.mail</artifactId>
<version>1.6.2</version>
</dependency>
3.2 日志依赖管理
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
3.3 邮件工具类封装
package pers.niaonao.email.util;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import pers.niaonao.email.constant.SystemConstant;
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* @className: SMTPEmailUtil
* @description: 邮件工具类
*
* 推荐文章更好理解smtp原理: <<手工体验smtp和pop3协议>> https://www.cnblogs.com/ysocean/p/7653252.html
*
* SMTP 协议发送邮件
* (1) 获取会话 Session, 配置环境信息及用户授权验证
* (2) 创建邮件 Message, 完善邮件对象消息`主题`附件`日期`发送者接收者抄送者密送者等信息
* (3) 发送邮件 Transport, 提供网络传输对象发送邮件
*
* 邮件交互会话 javax.mail.Session: Session 对象保存了邮件系统的配置信息及提供用户验证
* 密码验证类 Authenticator, 是抽象类, 可以新建实现类去覆盖原方法, 也可以像下面静态代码块直接使用.
* 编写邮件需要 MimeMessage 对象, 该对象是抽象类的 javax.mail.Message 的一个实现类;
*
* @author: niaonao
* @date: 2019/7/24
**/
@Slf4j
public class SMTPEmailUtil {
/**
* 邮件发送者账户
* 邮件发送协议 smtp 账号密码/账号授权码
* 发件人
* (邮件发送者从业务上看应支持系统配置, 此处就直接写好了数据; 你可以维护在配置文件,系统参数或数据库)
*/
private static final String emailSenderAccount = "2171128382@qq.com";
private static final String emailSenderAuthCode = "ojaerigbrwgmdjed";
private static final String emailSenderName = "哪都通物流有限公司";
/**
* 环境信息
*/
private static Properties props = new Properties();
static {
// 设置用户的认证方式, 邮箱账户, 授权码
props.put(SystemConstant.MAIL_SMTP_HOST, getHost(emailSenderAccount));
props.setProperty(SystemConstant.MAIL_SMTP_AUTH, String.valueOf(Boolean.TRUE));
props.put(SystemConstant.MAIL_SMTP_USER, emailSenderAccount);
props.put(SystemConstant.MAIL_SMTP_PASSWORD, emailSenderAuthCode);
}
/**
* @description: 邮箱服务器域名通用转换, 格式支持多数邮件服务器, 部分不支持
* @param email
* @return: java.lang.String
* @author: niaonao
* @date: 2019/7/25
*/
private static String getHost(String email) {
return new StringBuffer(SystemConstant.SMTP)
.append(SystemConstant.SYMBOL_POINT)
.append(email.split(SystemConstant.SYMBOL_AT)[1])
.toString();
}
/**
* @description: 获取共享的 Session
* @return: javax.mail.Session
* @author: niaonao
* @date: 2019/7/25
*/
private static Session getSession() {
return Session.getInstance(props, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(emailSenderAccount, emailSenderAuthCode);
}
});
}
/**
* @description: 获取非共享的Session, 方法内部使用了 synchronized 关键字
* lambda的使用条件是‘a functional interface has exactly one abstract method’
* abstract class 使用lambda 的话要改造满足该条件
* @return: javax.mail.Session
* @author: niaonao
* @date: 2019/7/25
*/
private static Session getDefaultInstance() {
return Session.getDefaultInstance(props, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(emailSenderAccount, emailSenderAuthCode);
}
});
}
/**
* @description: 默认邮件发送者
* 即配置邮箱和密码\授权码的账户
* @param
* @return: javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress
* @author: niaonao
* @date: 2019/7/25
*/
private static InternetAddress getDefaultSender() {
try {
return new InternetAddress(emailSenderAccount, emailSenderName, SystemConstant.CHARSET_UTF_8);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
log.error("[邮件工具]: 初始化异常{}", e.getMessage());
throw new RuntimeException("获取默认邮件发送人错误!");
}
}
/**
* @description: 传输工具
* @return: javax.mail.Transport
* @author: niaonao
* @date: 2019/7/25
*/
private static Transport getTransport() throws MessagingException {
// 设置邮件协议 smtp
Transport transport = getSession().getTransport(SystemConstant.SMTP);
// 此处 QQ 邮箱, 通过账号和授权码链接
transport.connect(getHost(emailSenderAccount), emailSenderAccount, emailSenderAuthCode);
return transport;
}
/**
* @description: 收件人转换 Address 对象
* @param receiverEmailList
* @return: javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress[]
* @author: niaonao
* @date: 2019/7/25
*/
private static InternetAddress[] tranAddressByList(List<String> receiverEmailList) {
/*List<InternetAddress> internetAddressList = new ArrayList<>();
receiverEmailList.forEach(item -> {
InternetAddress internetAddress = new InternetAddress();
internetAddress.setAddress(item);
internetAddressList.add(internetAddress);
});
InternetAddress[] addresses = internetAddressList.stream().toArray(InternetAddress[]::new);*/
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(receiverEmailList)) {
return null;
}
InternetAddress[] address = new InternetAddress[receiverEmailList.size()];
for (int index = 0; index < receiverEmailList.size(); index++) {
InternetAddress internetAddress = new InternetAddress();
internetAddress.setAddress(receiverEmailList.get(index));
address[index] = internetAddress;
}
return address;
}
/**
* @description: 发送普通文本
* @param subject 邮件主题
* @param text 邮件普通文本内容
* @param emailReceiverAccount 接收者
* @param sendDate 邮件发送时间
* @return: void
* @author: niaonao
* @date: 2019/7/24
*/
public static void sendEmailByText(String subject, String text, String emailReceiverAccount, Date sendDate) {
try {
// 邮件对象
MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(getSession());
// 发送人
msg.setFrom(getDefaultSender());
// 发送方式,接收人
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, emailReceiverAccount);
// 消息
msg.setSubject(subject);
msg.setText(text);
if (null != sendDate) {
msg.setSentDate(sendDate.before(new Date()) ? new Date() : sendDate);
} else {
// 邮件默认立即发送
msg.setSentDate(new Date());
}
//发送邮件
Transport.send(msg);
log.info("[邮件发送]: 邮件已发送!");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
log.error("[邮件发送]: 普通文本邮件发送异常, {}", e.getMessage());
}
}
/**
* @description: 发送普通消息邮件(多收件人)
* @param subject 邮件标题
* @param text 邮件内容
* @param receiverEmailList 接收人
* @param sendDate 邮件发送时间
* @return: void
* @author: niaonao
* @date: 2019/7/25
*/
public static void sendEmailByText(String subject, String text, List<String> receiverEmailList, Date sendDate) {
InternetAddress[] addresses = tranAddressByList(receiverEmailList);
try {
// 邮件对象
MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(getSession());
msg.setFrom(getDefaultSender());
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, addresses);
msg.setSubject(subject);
msg.setText(text);
if (null != sendDate) {
msg.setSentDate(sendDate.before(new Date()) ? new Date() : sendDate);
}
// 开启传输,发送邮件
Transport transport = getTransport();
transport.sendMessage(msg, msg.getRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO));
// 关闭链接
transport.close();
log.info("[邮件发送]: 邮件已发送!");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
log.error("[邮件发送]: 普通文本邮件发送异常, {}", e.getMessage());
}
}
/**
* @description: 发送普通文本消息(指定接收人,抄送人,密送人)
* @param subject 邮件主题
* @param text 邮件内容
* @param receiverEmailList 邮件接收人
* @param carbonCopyList 邮件抄送人
* @param blindCarbonCopyList 邮件密送人
* @param sendDate 邮件发送时间
* @return: void
* @author: niaonao
* @date: 2019/7/25
*/
public static void sendEmailByText(String subject, String text, List<String> receiverEmailList, List<String> carbonCopyList, List<String> blindCarbonCopyList, Date sendDate) {
InternetAddress[] receiverAddresses = tranAddressByList(receiverEmailList);
InternetAddress[] carbonCopyAddresses = tranAddressByList(carbonCopyList);
InternetAddress[] blindCarbonCopyAddresses = tranAddressByList(blindCarbonCopyList);
try {
// 邮件对象
MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(getSession());
msg.setFrom(getDefaultSender());
// 发送方式,接收人
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, receiverAddresses);
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.CC, carbonCopyAddresses);
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.BCC, blindCarbonCopyAddresses);
// 消息
msg.setSubject(subject);
msg.setText(text);
if (null != sendDate) {
msg.setSentDate(sendDate.before(new Date()) ? new Date() : sendDate);
}
// 开启传输,发送邮件
Transport transport = getTransport();
transport.sendMessage(msg, msg.getAllRecipients());
// 关闭链接
transport.close();
log.info("[邮件发送]: 邮件已发送!");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
log.error("[邮件发送]: 普通文本邮件发送异常, {}", e.getMessage());
}
}
/**
* @description: 发送网页HTML 格式内容
* @param subject 邮件标题
* @param html 邮件内容, 语法HTML
* @param receiverEmailList
* @param carbonCopyList
* @param blindCarbonCopyList
* @param sendDate
* @return: void
* @author: niaonao
* @date: 2019/7/25
*/
public static void sendEmailByHtml(String subject, String html, List<String> receiverEmailList, List<String> carbonCopyList, List<String> blindCarbonCopyList, Date sendDate) {
InternetAddress[] receiverAddresses = tranAddressByList(receiverEmailList);
InternetAddress[] carbonCopyAddresses = tranAddressByList(carbonCopyList);
InternetAddress[] blindCarbonCopyaddresses = tranAddressByList(blindCarbonCopyList);
try {
MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(getSession());
// 发送方式,接收人
mimeMessage.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, receiverAddresses);
mimeMessage.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.CC, carbonCopyAddresses);
mimeMessage.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.BCC, blindCarbonCopyaddresses);
mimeMessage.setFrom(getDefaultSender());
mimeMessage.setSubject(subject);
mimeMessage.setContent(html, SystemConstant.CHARSET_TYPE_HTML);
if (null != sendDate) {
mimeMessage.setSentDate(sendDate.before(new Date()) ? new Date() : sendDate);
}
Transport transport = getTransport();
transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage, mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());
transport.close();
log.info("[邮件发送]: HTML 网页邮件已发送!");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
log.error("[邮件发送]: HTML 网页邮件发送异常, {}", e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @description: 发送携带附件的邮件
* @param subject 邮件标题
* @param html 邮件内容, 语法HTML
* @param receiverEmailList
* @param carbonCopyList
* @param blindCarbonCopyList
* @param sendDate
* @return: void
* @author: niaonao
* @date: 2019/7/25
*/
public static void sendEmailByEnclosure(String subject, String html, List<String> fileUrlList, List<String> receiverEmailList, List<String> carbonCopyList, List<String> blindCarbonCopyList, Date sendDate) {
InternetAddress[] receiverAddresses = tranAddressByList(receiverEmailList);
InternetAddress[] carbonCopyAddresses = tranAddressByList(carbonCopyList);
InternetAddress[] blindCarbonCopyaddresses = tranAddressByList(blindCarbonCopyList);
try {
// html 节点
MimeBodyPart contentPart = new MimeBodyPart();
contentPart.setContent(html, SystemConstant.CHARSET_TYPE_HTML);
// 组合节点
MimeMultipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
for (String url:fileUrlList) {
// 附件节点
MimeBodyPart enclosure = new MimeBodyPart();
// 读取文件
// 将附件数据添加到"节点"
DataHandler dataHandler = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource(url));
enclosure.setDataHandler(dataHandler);
enclosure.setFileName(MimeUtility.encodeText(dataHandler.getName()));
multipart.addBodyPart(enclosure);
}
multipart.addBodyPart(contentPart);
multipart.setSubType(SystemConstant.SUB_TYPE_MIXED);
// 邮件对象
MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(getSession());
mimeMessage.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, receiverAddresses);
mimeMessage.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.CC, carbonCopyAddresses);
mimeMessage.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.BCC, blindCarbonCopyaddresses);
mimeMessage.setFrom(getDefaultSender());
mimeMessage.setSubject(subject);
mimeMessage.setContent(multipart);
if (null != sendDate) {
mimeMessage.setSentDate(sendDate.before(new Date()) ? new Date() : sendDate);
}
Transport transport = getTransport();
transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage, mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());
transport.close();
log.info("[邮件发送]: HTML 网页邮件已发送!");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
log.error("[邮件发送]: HTML 网页邮件发送异常, {}", e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4. 工具类测试及效果演示
在src/test/ 下新建测试类SMTPEmailUtilTest.java
测试发送附件的方法
@Test
public void sendEmailByEnclosure() {
List<String> receiverList = Arrays.asList("22221111@163.com");
List<String> carbonCopyList = Arrays.asList("22221111@qq.com");
String subject = "宝儿姐喊你查阅附件";
String content = "<img width=\"300\" height=\"400\" src=\"https://ss0.bdstatic.com/94oJfD_bAAcT8t7mm9GUKT-xh_/timg?image&quality=100&size=b4000_4000&sec=1564045091&di=57335f2e16c0a670b26c72aa9eb61b0c&src=http://imglf5.nosdn.127.net/img/UUZTMkZCa0pWZEE1Ri9yT1Rhc0hmMnUzdU1KellDZTNOOE1WMlE3N01XMCtrdm1HM0pSZVFBPT0.jpg?imageView&thumbnail=500x0&quality=96&stripmeta=0&type=jpg\"/>";
// 项目内相对路径
String smtpFileUrl = "src\\main\\resources\\static\\smtp.properties";
// 本机D盘文件
String LocalFileUrl = "D:\\download\\原始数据.csv";
List<String> fileDataSourceList = Arrays.asList(smtpFileUrl, LocalFileUrl);
SMTPEmailUtil.sendEmailByEnclosure(subject, content, fileDataSourceList, receiverList, carbonCopyList,null,null);
}
测试结果如图所示
5. 邮件发送API 测试及效果演示
在src/main/java/pers/niaonao/email/web 下新建EmailController.java
测试邮件发送接口
@PostMapping("/sendEmailByEnclosure")
public String sendEmailByEnclosure(@RequestBody EmailRequestVo emailRequest){
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(emailRequest.getSubject())){
return "请维护邮件主题!";
}
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(emailRequest.getFileUrlList())) {
return "请添加附件!";
}
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(emailRequest.getReceiverList())) {
return "请维护收件人!";
}
SMTPEmailUtil.sendEmailByEnclosure(emailRequest.getSubject(), emailRequest.getHtml(), emailRequest.getFileUrlList(), emailRequest.getReceiverList(), emailRequest.getCarbonCopyList(), emailRequest.getBlindCarbonCopyList(), emailRequest.getSendDate());
return "发送完成!";
}
使用postman 调用接口发送邮件成功图
收件如下
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