Android5.0开关机模块——zygote进程

        前面两篇一直在介绍init进程的内容，这一节介绍Android最重要的一个进程zygote，zygote翻译成中文就是受精卵、孵化器的意思，换言之，Android的framework层和其他的进程都是由它孵化出来的，可想而知有多么的重要。

        zygote在init.rc中的描述如下，

        service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server
                class main
                socket zygote stream 660 root system
                onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
                onrestart write /sys/power/state on
                onrestart restart media
                onrestart restart netd

        从参数中可以看出，zygote进程程序位于/system/bin/app_process，代码位于/framework/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp中

        它的main函数很简单，主要完成以下几件事情，

        定义一个runtime用来跑虚拟机，因为后面要运行java代码，必然要跑虚拟机

AppRuntime runtime(argv[0], computeArgBlockSize(argc, argv));

        解析传进来的参数

while (i < argc) {
        const char* arg = argv[i++];
        if (strcmp(arg, "--zygote") == 0) {
            zygote = true;
            niceName = ZYGOTE_NICE_NAME;
        } else if (strcmp(arg, "--start-system-server") == 0) {
            startSystemServer = true;
        } else if (strcmp(arg, "--application") == 0) {
            application = true;
        } else if (strncmp(arg, "--nice-name=", 12) == 0) {
            niceName.setTo(arg + 12);
        } else if (strncmp(arg, "--", 2) != 0) {
            className.setTo(arg);
            break;
        } else {
            --i;
            break;
        }
    }

        修改进程名为zygote

if (!niceName.isEmpty()) {
        runtime.setArgv0(niceName.string());
        set_process_name(niceName.string());
    }

        运行zygoteinit

if (zygote) {
        runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args);
    } else if (className) {
        runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit", args);
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: no class name or --zygote supplied.\n");
        app_usage();
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("app_process: no class name or --zygote supplied.");
        return 10;
    }

        runtime.start的定义是

void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options)

        这个函数的作用是启动Android系统运行时库，它主要做了三件事情，一是调用函数startVM启动虚拟机，二是调用函数startReg注册JNI方法，三是调用了com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit类的main函数。我们重点关注zygote的main方法

    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env) != 0) {
        return;
    }

    if (startReg(env) < 0) {
        ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
        return;
    }

/*
     * Start VM.  This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will
     * not return until the VM exits.
     */
    char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className);
    jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
    if (startClass == NULL) {
        ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClassName);
        /* keep going */
    } else {
        jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
            "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
        if (startMeth == NULL) {
            ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className);
            /* keep going */
        } else {
            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);

#if 0
            if (env->ExceptionCheck())
                threadExitUncaughtException(env);
#endif
        }
    }

因为zygoteinit是java代码，所以上面要启动VM

zygoteinit的main函数主要作了三件事情，

一个调用registerZygoteSocket函数创建了一个socket接口，用来和ActivityManagerService通讯

            registerZygoteSocket(socketName);
            EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_START,
                SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
            preload();
            EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_END,
                SystemClock.uptimeMillis());

    private static void registerZygoteSocket(String socketName) {
        if (sServerSocket == null) {
            int fileDesc;
            final String fullSocketName = ANDROID_SOCKET_PREFIX + socketName;
            try {
                String env = System.getenv(fullSocketName);
                fileDesc = Integer.parseInt(env);
            } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException(fullSocketName + " unset or invalid", ex);
            }

            try {
                sServerSocket = new LocalServerSocket(
                        createFileDescriptor());
            } catch (IOException ex) fileDesc{
                throw new RuntimeException(
                        "Error binding to local socket '" + fileDesc + "'", ex);
            }
        }
    }

       这个socket接口是通过文件描述符来创建的，这个文件描符代表的就是我们前面说的/dev/socket/zygote文件了。这个文件描述符是通过环境变量ANDROID_SOCKET_ENV得到的。这个环境变量的值又是由谁来设置的呢？我们知道，系统启动脚本文件system/core/rootdir/init.rc是由init进程来解释执行的，而init进程的源代码位于system/core/init目录中，在init.c文件中，是由service_start函数来解释init.rc文件中的service命令的。每一个service命令都会促使init进程调用fork函数来创建一个新的进程，在新的进程里面，会分析里面的socket选项，对于每一个socket选项，都会通过create_socket函数来在/dev/socket目录下创建一个文件，在这个场景中，这个文件便是zygote了，然后得到的文件描述符通过publish_socket函数写入到环境变量中去

        因此，这里就把上面得到的文件描述符写入到以"ANDROID_SOCKET_zygote"为key值的环境变量中。又因为上面的ZygoteInit.registerZygoteSocket函数与这里创建socket文件的create_socket函数是运行在同一个进程中，因此，上面的ZygoteInit.registerZygoteSocket函数可以直接使用这个文件描述符来创建一个Java层的LocalServerSocket对象。如果其它进程也需要打开这个/dev/socket/zygote文件来和Zygote进程进行通信，那就必须要通过文件名来连接这个LocalServerSocket了

二是预加载

static void preload() {
        Log.d(TAG, "begin preload");
        preloadClasses();
        preloadResources();
        preloadOpenGL();
        preloadSharedLibraries();
        // Ask the WebViewFactory to do any initialization that must run in the zygote process,
        // for memory sharing purposes.
        WebViewFactory.prepareWebViewInZygote();
        Log.d(TAG, "end preload");
    }

三是调用startSystemServer函数来启动SystemServer组件，

四是调用runSelectLoopMode函数进入一个无限循环在前面创建的socket接口上等待ActivityManagerService请求创建新的应用程序进程。

至此，zygote进程就结束了，它会一直循环在这里，等待其他进程请求它孵化出新的进程。

        在startSystemServer中，会创建一个新的子进程来执行handleSystemServerProcess

    private static boolean startSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName)
            throws MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException {
        long capabilities = posixCapabilitiesAsBits(
            OsConstants.CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND,
            OsConstants.CAP_KILL,
            OsConstants.CAP_NET_ADMIN,
            OsConstants.CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE,
            OsConstants.CAP_NET_BROADCAST,
            OsConstants.CAP_NET_RAW,
            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_MODULE,
            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_NICE,
            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_RESOURCE,
            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TIME,
            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG
        );
        /* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */
        String args[] = {
            "--setuid=1000",
            "--setgid=1000",
            "--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1032,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007",
            "--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities,
            "--runtime-init",
            "--nice-name=system_server",
            "com.android.server.SystemServer",
        };
        ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null;

        int pid;

        try {
            parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args);
            ZygoteConnection.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
            ZygoteConnection.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs);

            /* Request to fork the system server process */
            pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
                    parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
                    parsedArgs.gids,
                    parsedArgs.debugFlags,
                    null,
                    parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
                    parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        }

        /* For child process */
        if (pid == 0) {
            if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
                waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName);
            }

            handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);
        }

        return true;
    }

private static void handleSystemServerProcess(
            ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs)
            throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {

        closeServerSocket();

        // set umask to 0077 so new files and directories will default to owner-only permissions.
        Os.umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);

        if (parsedArgs.niceName != null) {
            Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.niceName);
        }

        final String systemServerClasspath = Os.getenv("SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH");
        if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
            performSystemServerDexOpt(systemServerClasspath);
        }

        if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
            String[] args = parsedArgs.remainingArgs;
            // If we have a non-null system server class path, we'll have to duplicate the
            // existing arguments and append the classpath to it. ART will handle the classpath
            // correctly when we exec a new process.
            if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
                String[] amendedArgs = new String[args.length + 2];
                amendedArgs[0] = "-cp";
                amendedArgs[1] = systemServerClasspath;
                System.arraycopy(parsedArgs.remainingArgs, 0, amendedArgs, 2, parsedArgs.remainingArgs.length);
            }

            WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.invokeWith,
                    parsedArgs.niceName, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion,
                    null, args);
        } else {
            ClassLoader cl = null;
            if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
                cl = new PathClassLoader(systemServerClasspath, ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
                Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
            }

            /*
             * Pass the remaining arguments to SystemServer.
             */
            RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl);
        }

        /* should never reach here */
    }

重点是zygoteinit

public static final void zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
            throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
        if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "RuntimeInit: Starting application from zygote");

        redirectLogStreams();

        commonInit();
        nativeZygoteInit();

        applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader);
    }

这个函数都是做一些初始化工作，其中nativeZygoteInit最终会调用到app_main.cpp中的onZygoteInit

    virtual void onZygoteInit()
    {
        // Re-enable tracing now that we're no longer in Zygote.
        atrace_set_tracing_enabled(true);

        sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
        ALOGV("App process: starting thread pool.\n");
        proc->startThreadPool();
    }

applicationInit函数中的invokeStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);最终会调用SystemServer.java中的main函数

    /**
     * The main entry point from zygote.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new SystemServer().run();
    }

关于systemserver的内容，下节再谈