第五章 单件模式

《Head First 设计模式》学习心得

单件模式

定义：确保一个雷只有一个实例，并提供一个全局的访问点。
应用场景：当只需要一个类对象时，比如注册表对象，线程池对象，缓存等。这个时候只需要一个对象。如果有多个对象会造成资源浪费或者访问冲突。
单线程中的单间模式

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Threading;

namespace 单件模式
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var aa = ChocolateBoiler.GetInstance();
            var bb = ChocolateBoiler.GetInstance();

            Console.WriteLine(ChocolateBoiler.InstanceCount);

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

    public class ChocolateBoiler
    {
        public bool Empty { get; set; }
        public bool Boiled { get; set; }
        public static int InstanceCount { get; set; }
        private static ChocolateBoiler _uniqueInstance;

         static ChocolateBoiler()
        {
            InstanceCount = 0;
        }

        // 声明为私有构造器
        private ChocolateBoiler()
        {
            Empty = true;
            Boiled = false;

        }

        // 实例访问通道
        public static  ChocolateBoiler GetInstance()
        {
            lock (_locker)
            {
                if (_uniqueInstance == null)
                {
                    InstanceCount++;
                    _uniqueInstance = new ChocolateBoiler();
                }

                return _uniqueInstance;
            }
        }
    }
}

多线程中单件模式：
在多线程中，每个可以同时访问GetInstance()函数，所以会产生多个实例。
解决方法一：利用lock同步对函数的访问，优点是简单，缺点是会降低性能。
该函数对性能影响不大的情况下用该方法。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Threading;

namespace 单件模式
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ChocolateBoiler chocolateBoiler1;
            ChocolateBoiler chocolateBoiler2;
            ChocolateBoiler chocolateBoiler3;

            Thread t1 = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("线程1");
                chocolateBoiler1 = ChocolateBoiler.GetInstance();
            });
            Thread t2 = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("线程2");
                chocolateBoiler2 = ChocolateBoiler.GetInstance();
            });
            Thread t3 = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("线程3");
                chocolateBoiler3 = ChocolateBoiler.GetInstance();
            });
            t1.Start();
            t2.Start();
            t3.Start();

            Thread.Sleep(2000);

            Console.WriteLine(ChocolateBoiler.InstanceCount);

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

    public class ChocolateBoiler
    {
        public bool Empty { get; set; }
        public bool Boiled { get; set; }
        public static int InstanceCount { get; set; }
        private static ChocolateBoiler _uniqueInstance;
        private static object _locker = new object();

         static ChocolateBoiler()
        {
            InstanceCount = 0;
        }

        // 声明为私有构造器
        private ChocolateBoiler()
        {
            Empty = true;
            Boiled = false;

        }

        // 实例访问通道
        public static  ChocolateBoiler GetInstance()
        {
            lock (_locker)
            {
                if (_uniqueInstance == null)
                {
                    InstanceCount++;
                    _uniqueInstance = new ChocolateBoiler();
                }

                return _uniqueInstance;
            }
        }
    }
}

解决方法二：提前创建实例

    public class ChocolateBoiler
    {
        public bool Empty { get; set; }
        public bool Boiled { get; set; }
        public static int InstanceCount { get; set; }
        private static ChocolateBoiler _uniqueInstance=new ChocolateBoiler();

         static ChocolateBoiler()
        {
            InstanceCount = 0;
        }

        // 声明为私有构造器
        private ChocolateBoiler()
        {
            Empty = true;
            Boiled = false;

        }

        // 实例访问通道
        public static  ChocolateBoiler GetInstance()
        {
                return _uniqueInstance;
        }
    }

解决方法三：双重检查枷锁，减小锁定代码的访问，减少同步的次数

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Threading;

namespace 单件模式
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ChocolateBoiler chocolateBoiler1;
            ChocolateBoiler chocolateBoiler2;
            ChocolateBoiler chocolateBoiler3;

            Thread t1 = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("线程1");
                chocolateBoiler1 = ChocolateBoiler.GetInstance();
            });
            Thread t2 = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("线程2");
                chocolateBoiler2 = ChocolateBoiler.GetInstance();
            });
            Thread t3 = new Thread(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("线程3");
                chocolateBoiler3 = ChocolateBoiler.GetInstance();
            });
            t1.Start();
            t2.Start();
            t3.Start();


            //var aa = ChocolateBoiler.GetInstance();
            //var bb = ChocolateBoiler.GetInstance();

            Thread.Sleep(2000);

            Console.WriteLine(ChocolateBoiler.InstanceCount);

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

    public class ChocolateBoiler
    {
        public bool Empty { get; set; }
        public bool Boiled { get; set; }
        public static int InstanceCount { get; set; }
        private static ChocolateBoiler _uniqueInstance;
        private static object _locker = new object();

         static ChocolateBoiler()
        {
            InstanceCount = 0;
        }

        // 声明为私有构造器
        private ChocolateBoiler()
        {
            Empty = true;
            Boiled = false;

        }

        // 实例访问通道
        public static  ChocolateBoiler GetInstance()
        {
            if (_uniqueInstance == null) // 只有在第一次创建实例时同步
            {
                lock (_locker)
                {
                    if (_uniqueInstance == null)
                    {
                        InstanceCount++;
                        _uniqueInstance = new ChocolateBoiler();
                    }
                }
            }

            return _uniqueInstance;
        }
    }
}