不好的解法:
- 方法一:仅支持单线程的单例模式,只有if判断。
public class NotSafeSingleton
{
private static NotSafeSingleton instance = null;
private NotSafeSingleton(){}
public static NotSafeSingleton getInstance()
{
if (instance == null)
{
try
{
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
instance = new NotSafeSingleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
- 方法二:支持多线程,但是效率很低的同步方法块。
可行的解法:
- 方法三:外层if(减少同步代码块被访问的次数) + 同步代码块(防止多线程访问) + 内层if(保证单例)
public class Singleton
{
private static Singleton instance = null;
private static final Object LOCKOBJ = new Object();
private Singleton(){}
public static Singleton getInstance()
{
if (instance == null)
{
synchronized (LOCKOBJ)
{
if (instance == null)
{
instance = new Singleton();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
推荐的解法:
- 方法四:饿汉式:线程安全,但是实例创建过早,当调用其中的某个静态方法时,实例就会被创建,但可能我们并不想创建这个实例
public class HungrySingleton
{
private static final HungrySingleton instance = new HungrySingleton();
private HungrySingleton()
{
}
public static HungrySingleton getInstance()
{
return instance;
}
}
- 方法五:静态内部类:内部内部类会在被调用的时候 初始化外部类的静态实例,有效防止了过早创建实例的问题,且线程安全
public class InnerSingleton
{
private InnerSingleton(){}
public static InnerSingleton getInstance()
{
return SingletonHolder.instance;
}
private static class SingletonHolder
{
private static final InnerSingleton instance = new InnerSingleton();
}
}
- 方法六:枚举方法(jdk1.5以后,推荐方法)