public class MyDBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
public MyDBHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory, int version) {
super(context, name, factory, version);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
SQLiteOpenHelper类,在该类的 构造器中,调用Context中的方法创建并打开一个指定名称的数据库对象。继承和扩展SQLiteOpenHelper类主要做的工作就是重写以下两个 方法。
onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) : 当数据库被首次创建时执行该方法,一般将创建表等初始化操作在该方法中执行。
onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabse dv, int oldVersion,int new Version):当打开数据库时传入的版本号与当前的版本号不同时会调用该方法。
除了上述两个必须要实现的方法外,还可以选择性地实现onOpen 方法,该方法会在每次打开数据库时被调用。
String NAME_DB = "db_test";
String NAME_TABLE = "table_test";
1,数据库的打开
SQLiteOpenHelper helper = new MyDBHelper(this, NAME_DB, null, DB_VERSION);
SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
2,删除表
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "+NAME_TABLE);
3,建表
db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE "+NAME_TABLE +" (_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, name VARCHAR, age SMALLINT, coin INTEGER)");
4,增
db.execSQL("INSERT INTO "+NAME_TABLE+" VALUES (NULL, ?, ?, ?)", new Object[]{"zhangsan", 20, 1000});
或者
ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
cv.put("name", "lisi");
cv.put("age", 30);
cv.put("coin", 2000);
db.insert(NAME_TABLE, null, cv);
5,删
db.delete(NAME_TABLE, "age < ?", new String[]{"25"});
6,改
cv = new ContentValues();
cv.put("name", "zhangsan1");
db.update(NAME_TABLE, cv, "name = ?", new String[]{"zhangsan"});
7,查
cursor = db.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM "+NAME_TABLE+" WHERE age >= ?", new String[]{"1"});
while(cursor.moveToNext()){
int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("_id"));
String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
int age = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("age"));
int coin = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("coin"));
}
8,增加表字段
db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE "+NAME_TABLE+" ADD weight INTEGER");
9,修改表字段名或者删除字段
只能先重命名原来的表,之后新建一张表,把原来的数据复制到新表中,最后删除掉旧的表就可以了。
String TABLE_TEMP = "temp";
String rename_sql = "ALTER TABLE " + NAME_TABLE + " RENAME TO " + TABLE_TEMP;
String createnew_sql = "CREATE TABLE " + NAME_TABLE + " AS SELECT _id, name, age, weight FROM "
+ TABLE_TEMP;
String drop_sql = "DROP TABLE " + TABLE_TEMP;
db.execSQL(rename_sql);
db.execSQL(createnew_sql);
db.execSQL(drop_sql);
Android使用getWritableDatabase()和getReadableDatabase()方法都可以获取一个用于操作数据库的SQLiteDatabase实例。(getReadableDatabase()方法中会调用getWritableDatabase()方法)
其中getWritableDatabase() 方法以读写方式打开数据库,一旦数据库的磁盘空间满了,数据库就只能读而不能写,倘若使用的是getWritableDatabase() 方法就会出错。
getReadableDatabase()方法则是先以读写方式打开数据库,如果数据库的磁盘空间满了,就会打开失败,当打开失败后会继续尝试以只读方式打开数据库。如果该问题成功解决,则只读数据库对象就会关闭,然后返回一个可读写的数据库对象。
源码如下:
- /**
- * Create and/or open a database that will be used for reading and writing.
- * Once opened successfully, the database is cached, so you can call this
- * method every time you need to write to the database. Make sure to call
- * {@link #close} when you no longer need it.
- *
- * <p>Errors such as bad permissions or a full disk may cause this operation
- * to fail, but future attempts may succeed if the problem is fixed.</p>
- *
- * @throws SQLiteException if the database cannot be opened for writing
- * @return a read/write database object valid until {@link #close} is called
- */
- public synchronized SQLiteDatabase getWritableDatabase() {
- if (mDatabase != null && mDatabase.isOpen() && !mDatabase.isReadOnly()) {
- return mDatabase; // The database is already open for business
- }
- if (mIsInitializing) {
- throw new IllegalStateException("getWritableDatabase called recursively");
- }
- // If we have a read-only database open, someone could be using it
- // (though they shouldn't), which would cause a lock to be held on
- // the file, and our attempts to open the database read-write would
- // fail waiting for the file lock. To prevent that, we acquire the
- // lock on the read-only database, which shuts out other users.
- boolean success = false;
- SQLiteDatabase db = null;
- if (mDatabase != null) mDatabase.lock();
- try {
- mIsInitializing = true;
- if (mName == null) {
- db = SQLiteDatabase.create(null);
- } else {
- db = mContext.openOrCreateDatabase(mName, 0, mFactory);
- }
- int version = db.getVersion();
- if (version != mNewVersion) {
- db.beginTransaction();
- try {
- if (version == 0) {
- onCreate(db);
- } else {
- onUpgrade(db, version, mNewVersion);
- }
- db.setVersion(mNewVersion);
- db.setTransactionSuccessful();
- } finally {
- db.endTransaction();
- }
- }
- onOpen(db);
- success = true;
- return db;
- } finally {
- mIsInitializing = false;
- if (success) {
- if (mDatabase != null) {
- try { mDatabase.close(); } catch (Exception e) { }
- mDatabase.unlock();
- }
- mDatabase = db;
- } else {
- if (mDatabase != null) mDatabase.unlock();
- if (db != null) db.close();
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * Create and/or open a database. This will be the same object returned by
- * {@link #getWritableDatabase} unless some problem, such as a full disk,
- * requires the database to be opened read-only. In that case, a read-only
- * database object will be returned. If the problem is fixed, a future call
- * to {@link #getWritableDatabase} may succeed, in which case the read-only
- * database object will be closed and the read/write object will be returned
- * in the future.
- *
- * @throws SQLiteException if the database cannot be opened
- * @return a database object valid until {@link #getWritableDatabase}
- * or {@link #close} is called.
- */
- public synchronized SQLiteDatabase getReadableDatabase() {
- if (mDatabase != null && mDatabase.isOpen()) {
- return mDatabase; // The database is already open for business
- }
- if (mIsInitializing) {
- throw new IllegalStateException("getReadableDatabase called recursively");
- }
- try {
- return getWritableDatabase();
- } catch (SQLiteException e) {
- if (mName == null) throw e; // Can't open a temp database read-only!
- Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't open " + mName + " for writing (will try read-only):", e);
- }
- SQLiteDatabase db = null;
- try {
- mIsInitializing = true;
- String path = mContext.getDatabasePath(mName).getPath();
- db = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(path, mFactory, SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READONLY);
- if (db.getVersion() != mNewVersion) {
- throw new SQLiteException("Can't upgrade read-only database from version " +
- db.getVersion() + " to " + mNewVersion + ": " + path);
- }
- onOpen(db);
- Log.w(TAG, "Opened " + mName + " in read-only mode");
- mDatabase = db;
- return mDatabase;
- } finally {
- mIsInitializing = false;
- if (db != null && db != mDatabase) db.close();
- }
- }