Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 32 Tomcat启动报错

Tomcat启动报错：ERROR: Unable to process Jar entry [module-info.class] from Jar [jar:file:/D:/apache-tomcat-7.0.52/webapps/hesnsys/WEB-INF/lib/jaxb-api-2.3.1.jar!/] for annotations org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 32 的解决办法

导入一个拷贝的 Tomcat 项目的时候，启动该项目时，Tomcat 报错：ERROR: Unable to process Jar entry [module-info.class] from Jar [jar:file:/D:/apache-tomcat-7.0.52/webapps/hesnsys/WEB-INF/lib/jaxb-api-2.3.1.jar!/] for annotations
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 32
记录下来错误原因和相应的解决办法，以供参考。

背景：

导入一个拷贝的 Tomcat 项目后，启动该项目时，Tomcat 报错：

ERROR: Unable to process Jar entry [module-info.class] from Jar [jar:file:/D:/apache-tomcat-7.0.52/webapps/hesnsys/WEB-INF/lib/jaxb-api-2.3.1.jar!/] for annotations
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 32
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.Constant.readConstant(Constant.java:97)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ConstantPool.<init>(ConstantPool.java:54)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.readConstantPool(ClassParser.java:174)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.parse(ClassParser.java:83)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2119)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsJar(ContextConfig.java:1981)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsUrl(ContextConfig.java:1942)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotations(ContextConfig.java:1927)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1332)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:888)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:388)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5522)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:899)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:875)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:652)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1863)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:301)
at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:618)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:565)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:301)
at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
at com.sun.jmx.remote.security.MBeanServerAccessController.invoke(MBeanServerAccessController.java:468)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$300(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1408)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:346)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:568)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:826)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:683)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:682)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

原因：

这个问题是由于 Tomcat 的版本和 JDK 的版本不匹配，Tomcat 版本过低，需要升级，或者JDK版本过高，需要降低，我的运行环境时jdk8 + tomcat 7.0.52。

虽然即使时发出了这个警告，但对应用的运行好像也没有太大影响。

解决办法：

有两种解决办法：
一、降低系统安装的 JDK 版本。到官网下载一个低版本的 JDK，比如 JDK 7，安装，配置，修改对应 PATH 里的环境变量后，重启项目，问题能够有效解决。
二、升级项目中用到的 Tomcat 版本。到官网下载一个高版本的 Tomcat，比如 Tomcat 8，替换掉项目中使用的 Tomcat 后，重启项目，问题能够有效解决。

验证了第一个方案，使用了第二个方案，我用的 Tomcat 版本是 tomcat 7.0.109。

参考目录

[1]覃晓东的blog

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