shell 的执行流控制（for,while,until,if,case,expect,break,continue,exit）

脚本见shell脚本练习分类专栏

1.for ##循环

for	定义变量
do	使用变量，执行动作
done	结束标志

格式1：

#!/bin/bash
for WESTOS in `seq 2 2 10`
do
        echo $WESTOS
done

格式2：

for WESTOS in 1 2 3
do
        echo $WESTOS
done

格式3：

for WESTOS in {10..1}
do
        echo $WESTOS
done

格式4：

for ((WESTOS=0;WESTOS<10;WESTOS++))
do
        echo $WESTOS
done

脚本练习：

check_host.sh
用此脚本检测10台与您当前主机直连主机是否网络通常
如果网络通常请显示主机的ip列表
for ip in {1..10}
do 
      	
     ping -w1 -c1 172.25.254.$ip &>/dev/null && {
	     echo 172.25.254.$ip
    }

done

脚本练习 倒计时

==1==
for i in {10..1}
at	do     
	     clear      ##不输出  
		echo -n $i
		sleep 1 
	done
	
==2==	
for i in {10..1}
do
	clear
	echo -n ${i}
	echo -ne "\r   \r"
        sleep 1
done

2.while

while ture	#条件为真
do		#条件成立所作循环动作


done

3.until

until false	##条件为假
do$(date | cut -d " " -f 4 | cut -d : -f 3
		#条件不成立所作循环动作

done

4.if

if
then
elif
then
...
else
fi

脚本练习：

check_file.sh
please input filename: file
file is not exist
file is file
file is direcory
此脚本会一直询问直到用户输入exit为止
while true
do
      read -p " please input filename : " filename
      if [ "$filename" = "exit" -o "$filename" = "EXIT" ]
      then  
	      echo bye
	      exit
      elif [ -z "$filename" ]
      then
	      echo -n ""
      elif [ ! -e "$filename" ]
      then
     	      echo  $filename is not exist
      elif [ -f "$filename" ] 
      then
              echo $filename is file
      elif [ -d "$filename" ]
      then
	      echo $filenmae is direcory
      else
	      echo ukown file type
      fi

       
        
done

5.case

功能开关

case $1 in
	word1|WORD1)
	action1
	;;
	word2|WORD2)
	action2
	;;
	*)
	action3
esac

脚本练习

user_ctrl.sh

[ "$USER" = "root" ]||{
        echo please run $0 with super user
        exit
}
while true
do
	read -p "please input action [add|del|exit]:" action
	case $action in
		add|ADD|Add )
		read -p " please input username:" username
		id $username &> /dev/null
		if [ "$?" = "0" ]
		then
		 	echo $username is exist
		else 
			useradd $username &>/dev/null
			read -p "please input password :" password
			echo $password | passwd --stdin $username
			echo passwd is created
		 fi


	
		;;
	        del|DEL|Del)
		read -p "please input username:" username
		id $username &>/dev/null
		if [ "$?" = "0" ]
                then
                     
                        userdel -r $username 
                        echo $username is deleted
		else  
			echo $username is not exist
                fi

		;;
	        exit)
		echo bye
		exit
		;;
		
		
	esac
done

脚本练习

system_watch.sh disk memory upload (每秒显示)
disk 监控磁盘使用情况
memory 监控内存使用情况
upload 监控启动负载


case $1 in
	disk)
	watch  -t  -n 1 df -h 
	;;
       memory)
	watch  -t -n 1 free -m
	;;
       upload)
	watch  -t  -n 1 uptime
	;;
       *)
	echo error: unkown error


esac

6.expect

问题脚本

#!/bin/bash
read -p "what's your name:" NAME
read -p "How old are you: " AGE 
read -p "Which objective: " OBJ
read -p "Are you ok? " OK

echo $NAME is $AGE\'s old study $OBJ feel $OK

应答脚本

#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 1
set NAME [ lindex $argv 0 ]
set AGE  [ lindex $argv 1 ]
set OBJ	 [ lindex $argv 2 ]
set FEEL [ lindex $argv 3 ]
spawn /mnt/ask.sh
expect {
	"name"		{ send "$NAME\r";exp_continue }
	"old"		{ send "$AGE\r";exp_continue }
	"objective"	{ send "$OBJ\r";exp_continue }
	"ok"		{ send "$FEEL\r" }
}
expect eof

脚本练习

查看当前主机能连接的主机的主机名

[root@localhost mnt]# cat host_list.sh 
#!/bin/bash
EXPECT(){
/usr/bin/expect << EOF
set timeout 3
spawn $1
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
"password:" { send "westos\r" }
}
expect eof
EOF
}

for IP in {1..10}
do 
	ping -c1 -w1 172.25.254.$IP &>/dev/null &&{
		EXPECT "ssh root@172.25.254.$IP hostname" | tail -n 1
         }

done

脚本练习

查看能连接的主机里面有没有westos用户，如果没有，则建立westos用户，密码westos
[root@localhost mnt]# cat host_list.sh 
#!/bin/bash
EXPECT(){
/usr/bin/expect << EOF
set timeout 3
spawn ssh root@172.25.254.$1 "$2"
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
"password:" { send "westos\r" }
}
expect eof
EOF
}

for IP in {1..10}
do 
	ping -c1 -w1 172.25.254.$IP &>/dev/null &&{
	    USER_STATE=`EXPECT $IP " getent passwd $1" | grep -E '/authenticity|ECDSA|connecting|Warning|sqawn|password' -v ` 
          if [ -n "$USER_STATE" ]
       s   then
		  echo "$1 on 172.25.254.$IP is exist "
          else 
		  EXPECT $IP "useradd $1 && echo $2 | passwd --stdin $1 "
          fi
         }

done
sh host_list.sh westos westos

7.break,continue,exit

contiue		##终止当此次前循环提前进入下个循环
break		##终止当前所在语句所有动作进行语句外的其他动作
exit		##脚本退出