如何制作一个rpm文件

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最新推荐文章于 2023-08-20 17:11:22 发布

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分类专栏： # 技术杂项文章标签： rpm

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/nirendao/article/details/79302135

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我们以一个通用的磁盘检测软件sas3ircu为例，来看看如何将一个binary文件打包成一个rpm文件，然后再运行 rpm -ivh xxx.rpm 将此rpm文件安装到系统中。
使用的操作系统是CentOS 7.3. 步骤如下：

Step 1. 安装3个必要的rpm包制作软件

    yum install rpm-build
    yum install rpmrebuild
    yum install rpmdevtools

Step 2. 运行命令，在当前目录下生成rpmbuild目录

这个目录就是将来rpm-build命令在打包rpm时所需要的目录。

    rpmdev-setuptree

rpmbuild目录的内部结构如下：

rpmbuild/
├── BUILD
├── RPMS
├── SOURCES
├── SPECS
└── SRPMS

Step 3. 写一个makefile

    DESTDIR=

    dirname=$(DESTDIR)/usr/bin
    install : sas3ircu
        test -d $(dirname) || mkdir -p $(dirname)
        cp sas3ircu $(DESTDIR)/usr/bin/sas3ircu

    .PHONY : clean
    clean : 
        rm -f sas3ircu

Step 4. 写一个spec文件

    Name: sas3ircu
    Version: 16.0.0
    Release: 1
    Summary: sas3ircu is a disk check utility

    Group:  Applications/Engineering
    License: N/A
    Source0: %{name}-%{version}.tar.gz

    %description
    This is a disk check utility.


    %define debug_package %{nil}

    %prep
    %setup

    %build
    make

    %install
    echo ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}
    make DESTDIR=${RPM_BUILD_ROOT} install

    %files
    %defattr(-,root,root)
    /usr/bin/%(name)

Step 5. 查看现在rpmbuild里的目录结构

    .
    ├── BUILD
    ├── BUILDROOT
    ├── RPMS
    ├── SOURCES
    │   └── sas3ircu-16.0.0
    │       ├── makefile
    │       └── sas3ircu
    ├── SPECS
    │   └── sas3ircu.spec
    └── SRPMS
        └── sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.src.rpm

Step 6. 将SOURCES文件夹下的内容打包成 sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar.gz

cd SOURCES
tar -cf sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar sas3ircu-16.0.0/
gzip sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar
rm -rf sas3ircu-16.0.0

现在的rpmbuild的目录结构是这样的：

    .
    ├── BUILD
    ├── BUILDROOT
    ├── RPMS
    ├── SOURCES
    │   └── sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar.gz
    ├── SPECS
    │   └── sas3ircu.spec
    └── SRPMS

Step 7. 做rpm包

    rpmbuild -bb ./rpmbuild/SPECS/sas3ircu.spec

注意，有源文件的情况下使用-ba选项；没有源文件只有二进制文件，可以使用-bb选项。

该命令的执行返回如下：

    [root@host-72 ~]# rpmbuild -bb ./rpmbuild/SPECS/sas3ircu.spec
    sh: name: command not found
    Executing(%prep): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.XhQG2P
    + umask 022
    + cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD
    + cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD
    + rm -rf sas3ircu-16.0.0
    + /usr/bin/gzip -dc /root/rpmbuild/SOURCES/sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar.gz
    + /usr/bin/tar -xvvf -
    drwxrwxr-x finix/finix       0 2018-02-09 21:36 sas3ircu-16.0.0/
    -rw-rw-r-- finix/finix     182 2018-02-09 21:31 sas3ircu-16.0.0/makefile
    -rwxr-xr-x finix/finix  660560 2018-02-09 15:36 sas3ircu-16.0.0/sas3ircu
    + STATUS=0
    + '[' 0 -ne 0 ']'
    + cd sas3ircu-16.0.0
    + /usr/bin/chmod -Rf a+rX,u+w,g-w,o-w .
    + exit 0
    Executing(%build): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.oAnm6z
    + umask 022
    + cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD
    + cd sas3ircu-16.0.0
    + make
    test -d /usr/bin || mkdir -p /usr/bin
    cp sas3ircu /usr/bin/sas3ircu
    + exit 0
    Executing(%install): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.FCXhbk
    + umask 022
    + cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD
    + '[' /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 '!=' / ']'
    + rm -rf /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
    ++ dirname /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
    + mkdir -p /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT
    + mkdir /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
    + cd sas3ircu-16.0.0
    + echo /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
    /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
    + make DESTDIR=/root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 install
    test -d /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64/usr/bin || mkdir -p /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64/usr/bin
    cp sas3ircu /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64/usr/bin/sas3ircu
    + /usr/lib/rpm/check-buildroot
    + /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-compress
    + /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-strip /usr/bin/strip
    + /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-strip-comment-note /usr/bin/strip /usr/bin/objdump
    + /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-strip-static-archive /usr/bin/strip
    + /usr/lib/rpm/brp-python-bytecompile /usr/bin/python 1
    + /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-python-hardlink
    + /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-java-repack-jars
    Processing files: sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
    warning: File listed twice: /usr/bin
    Provides: sas3ircu = 16.0.0-1 sas3ircu(x86-64) = 16.0.0-1
    Requires(rpmlib): rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1 rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1 rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1
    Checking for unpackaged file(s): /usr/lib/rpm/check-files /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
    Wrote: /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
    Executing(%clean): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.kKDpcQ
    + umask 022
    + cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD
    + cd sas3ircu-16.0.0
    + /usr/bin/rm -rf /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64
    + exit 0

Step 8. 查看rpm包是否生成

[root@host-72 ~]# tree rpmbuild/
rpmbuild/
├── BUILD
│   └── sas3ircu-16.0.0
│       ├── makefile
│       └── sas3ircu
├── BUILDROOT
├── RPMS
│   └── x86_64
│       └── sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
├── SOURCES
│   └── sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar.gz
├── SPECS
│   └── sas3ircu.spec
└── SRPMS

Step 9. 验证生成的rpm包是否能够被安装

首先，要删除已经被copy到/usr/bin目录下的sas3ircu文件: rm -f /usr/bin/sas3ircu
然后，安装rpm文件：

    [root@host-72 ~]# rpm -ivh ./rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm 
    Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
        package sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 is already installed
        file / from install of sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 conflicts with file from package filesystem-3.2-21.el7.x86_64
        file /usr/bin from install of sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 conflicts with file from package filesystem-3.2-21.el7.x86_64

此时，发现了如上的错误。怎么办呢？Google.

Step 10. 解决冲突

rpmrebuild -pe ./rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

此命令运行后，会打开一个编辑器（比如vi），让你编辑该SPEC内容，其中会有如下的一句，将该句删除，再退出即可：

    # Delete this line
    %dir %attr(0755, root, root) "/usr/bin"

Step 11. 再次验证

先删除在步骤9中已经安装的rpm的残余部分；然后重复步骤9，验证该rpm文件是否能够被成功安装。

    [root@host-72 ~]# rpm -e sas3ircu 
    [root@host-72 ~]# rpm -ivh ./rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm 
    Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    Updating / installing...
       1:sas3ircu-16.0.0-1                ################################# [100%]

    [root@host-72 ~]# ls -l /usr/bin/sas3ircu 
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 658632 Feb  9 21:42 /usr/bin/sas3ircu

至此，证明安装成功，该rpm可用。

最后，关于SPEC文件的语法还是比较复杂的。如有需要，还要自己多加研究。

执假以为真

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如何制作一个rpm文件

我们以一个通用的磁盘检测软件sas3ircu为例，来看看如何将一个binary文件打包成一个rpm文件，然后再运行 rpm -ivh xxx.rpm 将此rpm文件安装到系统中。使用的操作系统是CentOS 7.3. 步骤如下：Step 1. 安装3个必要的rpm包制作软件 yum install rpm-build yum install rpmrebuild ...
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