求迭代平均

思想参考：方差和平均值迭代计算推导_均值和方差迭代计算公式_yoyocry的博客-CSDN博客

得到公式：

代码实现：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

int iter_avg(int prev_avg, int curr_val, int curr_idx)
{
	return prev_avg + (curr_val - prev_avg) / (curr_idx + 1);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int num, sum, i, avg, *array;
	struct timeval tv;

	if (argc < 2) {
		printf("./iter_avg.exe <N>\n");
		return -1;
	}

	num = strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);

	if (!(array = (int *)malloc(num * sizeof(int)))) {
		printf("malloc array failed\n");
		return -1;
	}

	sum = 0;
	avg = 0;
	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
	printf("sec: %ld\n", tv.tv_sec);
	srand(tv.tv_sec);

	for (i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
		array[i] = rand() & 0xffff;
		printf("%d ", array[i]);
		avg = iter_avg(avg, array[i], i);
		sum += array[i];
	}
	printf("\n");

	printf("iter avg : %d\n", avg);
	printf("sum  avg : %d\n", sum / num);

	return 0;
}