OSPF的原理与实验

OSPF area的概念

• Area0为骨干区域，负责在非骨干区域之间中转由区域边界路由器归纳的链路状态通
  告信息。为了防止现环路，OSPF要求所有的非骨干区域之间不能直接进行LSA的
  交互，而必须通过Area0骨干区进行中转，因此所有的非骨干区域必须都与
  Area0“直接相连”。
  

OSPF路由器的角色

• 区域内路由器 Internal Router
• 区域边界路由器ABR Area Border Router
• 骨干路由器 Backbone Router
• AS边界路由器ASBR AS Boundary Router

OSPF的基础配置

• 创建OSPF进程，并指定OSPF进程号及Router-ID:
  ［Router]ospf[process-id |router-id router-id]
• 进入特定area的配置视图：
  ［Router-ospf]area area-id
• 在特定area的配置视图内，在特定接口激活OSPF:
  ［Router-ospf-area] network ip-address wildcard-mask

OSPF进程号（Processor ID)

• OSPF进程号的取值范围是1-65535,只具有本地意义，用于在一台网络设备上标识OSPF进程。华为的网络产品支持运行多个OSPF进程，每一个OSPF进程需指定特定的进程号加以区分。
• 由于进程号只具有本地意义，
  因此两台直连的设备，如果要建立OSPF邻接关系，则并不要求二者使用相同的进程号。

通配符掩码Wildcard-mask
通配符是一个32比特长度的数值，用于指示IP地址中，哪些比特位需要严格匹配，哪些比特位则无所谓。
通配符通常采用类似网络掩码的点分十进制形式表示，但是含义却与网络掩码完全不同。

LSA

LSA在报文中的位置

OSPF常见LSA类型

实验

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys SW1
[Huawei]vlan b 10 20 30
[Huawei]int e0/0/1
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]p l a
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]p d v 10
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/2]p l a
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/2]p d v 10
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/2]int e0/0/5
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/5]p l t 
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/5]p t a v a
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/5]int eth1
[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1]p l t
[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1]p t a v a
[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1]tr	
[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport e0/0/3
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport e0/0/4
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.	
[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1]mode manual load-balance 
[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1]q

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys SW2
[SW2]vlan b 10 20 30
[SW2]int e0/0/3
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]p l a
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]p d v 20
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]int e0/0/4
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]p l a
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]p d v 20
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]int eth1
[SW2-Eth-Trunk1]p l t
[SW2-Eth-Trunk1]p t a v a
[SW2-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport e0/0/1
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[SW2-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport e0/0/2
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R1
[R1]int g0/0/0.1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]ip add 192.168.1.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]int g0/0/0.2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]ip add 192.168.2.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]d t v 20
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]int g0/0/0.1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]d t v 10
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]a b e

[R1]int g0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 12.0.0.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys R2
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.0.0.1 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 1	
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.25

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys R3
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 23.0.0.2 24
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.1 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 34.0.0.1 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q	
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3	
[R3-ospf-1]area 0                 	
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area 2
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]area 3
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.255

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys R4
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.2 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 56.0.0.1 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 2
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[R4]rip 1
[R4-rip-1]version 2
[R4-rip-1]network 56.0.0.0
[R4-rip-1]network 45.0.0.0
[R4-rip-1]q
[R4]rip 1	
[R4-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
[R4-rip-1]q	
[R4]ospf 1
[R4-ospf-1]import-route rip 1

The device is running!

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys R5
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 56.0.0.1 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 67.0.0.1 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 56.0.0.2 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R5]rip 1
[R5-rip-1]version 2
[R5-rip-1]network 56.0.0.0
[R5-rip-1]network 67.0.0.0

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sys R6
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 67.0.0.2 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.5.254 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R6]rip 1	
[R6-rip-1]version 2	
[R6-rip-1]network 192.168.5.0
[R6-rip-1]network 67.0.0.0
[R6-rip-1]q
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat server protocol tcp global 67.0.0.0 80 inside 192.1
68.5.0 80
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source any
[R6-acl-basic-2000]int g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000

sys
[Huawei]sys SW3
[SW3]vlan b 30 40 50
[SW3]int g0/0/2
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l a
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p d v 30
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/3
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p l a
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p d v 40
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int g0/0/1
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l a
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p d v 50
[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[SW3]int vlan 30
[SW3-Vlanif30]ip add 192.168.3.254 24
[SW3-Vlanif30]int vlan 40
[SW3-Vlanif40]ip add 192.168.4.254 24
[SW3-Vlanif40]int vlan 50
[SW3-Vlanif50]ip add 34.0.0.2 24
[SW3-Vlanif50]q
[SW3]ospf 1 r	
[SW3]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[SW3-ospf-1]area 3	
[SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q
[SW3-ospf-1]import-route direct