niu_niu01的博客

Open source software has become a fundamental building block for some of the biggest websites. And as those websites have grown, best practices and guiding principles around their architectures have emerged. This chapter seeks to cover some of the key issues to consider when designing large websites, as well as some of the building blocks used to achieve these goals. This chapter is largely focused on web systems, although some of the material is applicable to other distributed systems as well.

This is a book about the art and science of Java performance.The science part of this statement isn’t surprising; discussions about performance in‐clude lots of numbers and measurements and analytics. Most performance engineers have a background in the sciences, and applying scientific rigor is a crucial part of achieving maximum performance. What about the art part? The notion that performance tuning is part art and part science is hardly new, but it is rarely given explicit acknowledgment in performance discussions. This is partly because the idea of “art” goes against our training.

Zookeeper是Hadoop分布式调度服务，用来构建分布式应用系统。构建一个分布式应用是一个很复杂的事情，主要的原因是我们需要合理有效的处理分布式集群中的部分失败的问题。例如，集群中的节点在相互通信时，A节点向B节点发送消息。A节点如果想知道消息是否发送成功，只能由B节点告诉A节点。那么如果B节点关机或者由于其他的原因脱离集群网络，问题就出现了。A节点不断的向B发送消息，并且无法获得B的响应。B也没有办法通知A节点已经离线或者关机。集群中其他的节点完全不知道B发生了什么情况，还在不断的向B发送消息。这时，你的整个集群就发生了部分失败的故障。Zookeeper不能让部分失败的问题彻底消失，但是它提供了一些工具能够让你的分布式应用安全合理的处理部分失败的问题。