cut
1、基本介绍
cut 的工作就是“剪”,具体的说就是在文件中负责剪切数据用的。cut 命令从文件的每 一行剪切字节、字符和字段并将这些字节、字符和字段输出。
2、基本语法
cut [选项参数] filename
说明:默认分隔符是制表符
选项参数 功能
-f 列号,提取第几列
-d 分隔符,按照指定分隔符分割列,默认是制表符“\t”
-c 按字符进行切割 后加加 n 表示取第几列 比如 -c 1
3、案例
(1)数据准备
[niujifei@njf ~]$ cat cut.txt
dong shen
guan zhen
wo wo
lai lai
le le
(2)切割 cut.txt 第一列
[niujifei@njf ~]$ cut -d " " -f 1 cut.txt
dong
guan
wo
lai
le
(3)切割 cut.txt 第二、三列
[niujifei@njf ~]$ cut -d " " -f 2,3 cut.txt
shen
zhen
wo
lai
le
(4)在 cut.txt 文件中切割出 guan
[niujifei@njf ~]$ cat cut.txt |grep guan | cut -d " " -f 1
guan
(5)选取系统 PATH 变量值,第 2 个“:”开始后的所有路径:
[niujifei@njf ~]$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/niujifei/.local/bin:/home/niujifei/bin
[niujifei@njf ~]$ echo $PATH | cut -d ":" -f 3-
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/niujifei/.local/bin:/home/niujifei/bin
(6)切割 ifconfig 后打印的 IP 地址
[niujifei@njf ~]$ ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.30.13.142 netmask 255.255.240.0 broadcast 172.30.15.255
ether 00:16:3e:03:bf:3d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 35638657 bytes 6915580502 (6.4 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 32629536 bytes 16845721176 (15.6 GiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[niujifei@njf ~]$ ifconfig eth0 | grep netmask | cut -d " " -f 10
172.30.13.142