LeetCode 393 UTF-8 Validation

A character in UTF8 can be from 1 to 4 bytes long, subjected to the following rules:

1. For 1-byte character, the first bit is a 0, followed by its unicode code.
2. For n-bytes character, the first n-bits are all one's, the n+1 bit is 0, followed by n-1 bytes with most significant 2 bits being 10.

This is how the UTF-8 encoding would work:

   Char. number range  |        UTF-8 octet sequence
      (hexadecimal)    |              (binary)
   --------------------+---------------------------------------------
   0000 0000-0000 007F | 0xxxxxxx
   0000 0080-0000 07FF | 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
   0000 0800-0000 FFFF | 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
   0001 0000-0010 FFFF | 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx

Given an array of integers representing the data, return whether it is a valid utf-8 encoding.

Note:
The input is an array of integers. Only the least significant 8 bits of each integer is used to store the data. This means each integer represents only 1 byte of data.

Example 1:

data = [197, 130, 1], which represents the octet sequence: 11000101 10000010 00000001.

Return true.
It is a valid utf-8 encoding for a 2-bytes character followed by a 1-byte character.

Example 2:

data = [235, 140, 4], which represented the octet sequence: 11101011 10001100 00000100.

Return false.
The first 3 bits are all one's and the 4th bit is 0 means it is a 3-bytes character.
The next byte is a continuation byte which starts with 10 and that's correct.
But the second continuation byte does not start with 10, so it is invalid.

题目有可能一下子看不懂，看下面这个图片应该就明白了，注意看颜色。

Runtime: 5 ms beats 99.80% of java submissions

	public static boolean validUtf8(int[] data) {
		validUtf8(data, 0);
	}

	public static boolean validUtf8(int[] data, int start) {
		if (start == data.length) return true;
		int byteLen = data[start] >> 4;
		if (byteLen <= 7) return validUtf8(data, start + 1);//以0开头的
		if (byteLen == 12 || byteLen == 13) byteLen = 2;//数据格式为110x
		else if (byteLen == 14) byteLen = 3;//以1110开头的
		else if (byteLen == 15) byteLen = 4;//以1111开头的
		else return false;//数据格式为10xx的
		if (byteLen + start > data.length) return false;
		for (int i = 1; i < byteLen; i++) {
			if (data[start + i] > 0xbf || data[start + i] < 0x80) //二进制是否 begin with 10
				return false;
		}
		return validUtf8(data, start + byteLen);
	}