3.其他几个就不详细介绍了,说下今天的重点ContentProvider
创建一个可对数据库进行操作的ContentProvider我们先要了解涉及到的知识点:
(1)Parcelable(实体类数据一般会用在进程之间通信)
http://my.oschina.net/zhoulc/blog/172163
(2)BaseColumns,这个类只是提供了两个字段,一个是"_id"一个是"_count",便于调用数据库时导致拼写错误,你也可以扩展它,或者自定义这么个,然后直接调用它的常量名,防止写sql语句时把列名拼错。
package android.provider; public interface BaseColumns { /** * The unique ID for a row. * <P>Type: INTEGER (long)</P> */ public static final String _ID = "_id"; /** * The count of rows in a directory. * <P>Type: INTEGER</P> */ public static final String _COUNT = "_count"; }
(3)SQLiteOpenHelper,包装了数据库的创建、打开、更新的抽象类,通过实现和使用SQLiteOpenHandle可以隐去数据库打开的之前判断数据库是否需要创建或更新的逻辑。
主要实现三个方法
创建数据库:public DatabaseHelper(Context context)
创建表:public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db)
更新表:public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion)
(4)UriMatcher用来匹配URI。
主要实现两个接口:
添加需要匹配的URI:MATCHER.addURI(String authority, String path, int code) 进行匹配返回定义的value;MATCHER.match(Uri uri)
例:
MATCHER.addURI(Information.AUTHORITY, "informations", INFORMATIONS);
MATCHER.addURI(Information.AUTHORITY, "informations/#", INFORMATION);
# 号为通配符
* 号为任意字符
(5)ContentUris一个工具类,主要是用来处理使用 "content" 约束的Uri对象,经常用到条件查询某个_ID的数据。
主要实现两个接口:
static long parseId(Uri contentUri) 将uri中的id解析出来,此方法返回的是一个long型的id。
static Uri withAppendedId(Uri contentUri, long id)在指定的uri后面添加一条id
为指定参数的记录。
(6)SQLiteDatabase,这个类是核心类,用于管理和操作SQLite数据库,几乎所有的数据库操作,最终都将由这个类完成。
(7)ContentProvider,提供数据库增删改查的接口。
主要实现接口:
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs)
public String getType(Uri uri)
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values)
public boolean onCreate()
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder)
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs)
(8)ContentResolver接口和ContentProvider类似,两个区别一个是用户是通过ContentResolver调用ContentProvider提供的接口。
以上类都只是简单介绍,有兴趣的朋友可以去研究下源码和实现过程。这里主要讲使用过程和一些注意细节。
4.ContentProvider 在使用过程中需要注意两点:
(1)在AndroidManifest.xml里面需要注册这个ContentProvider
<provider android:name=".MyProvider" android:authorities="com.zlc.provider.MyProvider" />
(2)当提供给其他进程调用(假如是其他应用),如果当前提供ContentProvider的应用在退出的时候把自己给kill掉了(这个时候ContentProvider也无法使用),则我们需要在AndroidManifest.xml里面再添加一条属性
android:process="com.zlc.provider.MyProvider"
为该组件指定一个不同的默认进程
5.下面贴一下具体实现代码:
(1)ContentProvider提供者TestContentProvider.apk实体类:Information.java
package com.zlc.provider;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.provider.BaseColumns;
public class Information implements Parcelable,BaseColumns{
public final static String AUTHORITY = "com.zlc.provider.MyProvider";
public final static Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://"+AUTHORITY+"/informations");
//表字段
public final static String INFO_ID = "info_id";
public final static String INFO_NAME = "info_name";
public final static String INFO_AGE = "info_age";
private String info_id,info_name,info_age;
public Information(Parcel source){
info_id = source.readString();
info_name = source.readString();
info_age = source.readString();
}
public String getInfo_id() {
return info_id;
}
public void setInfo_id(String info_id) {
this.info_id = info_id;
}
public String getInfo_name() {
return info_name;
}
public void setInfo_name(String info_name) {
this.info_name = info_name;
}
public String getInfo_age() {
return info_age;
}
public void setInfo_age(String info_age) {
this.info_age = info_age;
}
@Override
public int describeContents() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return 0;
}
@Override
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
dest.writeString(info_id);
dest.writeString(info_name);
dest.writeString(info_age);
}
public final static Parcelable.Creator<Information> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Information>() {
@Override
public Information createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new Information(source);
}
@Override
public Information[] newArray(int size) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new Information[size];
}
};
}
MyProvider.java
package com.zlc.provider;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.provider.BaseColumns;
import android.util.Log;
public class MyProvider extends ContentProvider {
private SQLiteDatabase sqDb;
private DatabaseHelper helper;
// 数据库名
private final static String DATABASE_NAME = "zhoulc.db";
// 版本
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
// 表名
private static final String TABLE_NAME = "Information";
// 创建表的sql语句
private final static String CREATE_TABLE = "Create table " + TABLE_NAME
+ "( "+Information._ID+" integer primary key autoincrement," + Information.INFO_ID
+ " TEXT," + Information.INFO_NAME + " TEXT," + Information.INFO_AGE
+ " TEXT);";
// Declaration Datababsehelper
private static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
public DatabaseHelper(Context context) {
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS" + TABLE_NAME);
onCreate(db);
}
}
// UriMatcher add URI
private static final UriMatcher MATCHER = new UriMatcher(
UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
private final static int INFORMATIONS = 1;
private final static int INFORMATION = 2;
static {
MATCHER.addURI(Information.AUTHORITY, "informations", INFORMATIONS);
MATCHER.addURI(Information.AUTHORITY, "informations/#", INFORMATION);
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
sqDb = helper.getWritableDatabase();
int count = 0;
switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {
case INFORMATIONS:
count = sqDb.delete(TABLE_NAME, selection, selectionArgs);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkwon Uri:" + uri.toString());
}
return count;
}
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {
case INFORMATIONS:
return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/Information";
case INFORMATION:
return "vnd.android.cursor.item/Information";
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkwon Uri:" + uri.toString());
}
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
sqDb = helper.getWritableDatabase();
Uri insertUri = null;
long rowid = 0;
switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {
case INFORMATIONS:
rowid = sqDb.insert(TABLE_NAME, Information.INFO_ID, values);
insertUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, rowid);
Log.i("zhoulc", "insert record...values:" + values.toString());
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkwon Uri:" + uri.toString());
}
return insertUri;
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
helper = new DatabaseHelper(getContext());
return helper == null ? false : true;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
sqDb = helper.getWritableDatabase();
switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {
case INFORMATIONS:
Cursor cursor = sqDb.query(TABLE_NAME, projection, selection,
selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
return cursor;
case INFORMATION://条件查询,
long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
String where = Information._ID + "=" + id;
if (selection != null && !"".equals(selection))
{
where = where + " and " + selection;
}
return sqDb.query(TABLE_NAME, projection, where, selectionArgs, null,
null, sortOrder);
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("unknow uri" + uri.toString());
}
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
sqDb = helper.getWritableDatabase();
int count = 0;
switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {
case INFORMATIONS:
count = sqDb.update(TABLE_NAME, values, selection, selectionArgs);
return count;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("unknow uri" + uri.toString());
}
}
}
在同一个应用本身里面(进程)测试插入数据:MainActivity.java
package com.zlc.provider;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
Context mContext = MainActivity.this;
Uri myUri = Information.CONTENT_URI;
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(Information.INFO_NAME, "zhoulc");
values.put(Information.INFO_AGE, "99");
getContentResolver().insert(myUri, values);
}
}
运行结果:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/02e321e47881b139147432d4307763a4.jpeg)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a5e18d37751ad7d3e551db47db7c2838.jpeg)
其他应用里面测试(跨进程使用)
TestActivity.java
package com.zlc.database;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class TestActivity extends Activity {
private ContentResolver resolver;
public final static String AUTHORITY = "com.zlc.provider.MyProvider";
private final static Uri CONTENT_URIS = Uri.parse("content://"+AUTHORITY+"/informations");
private final static Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://"+AUTHORITY+"/informations/1");
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
resolver = getContentResolver();
//step 1 insert data
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("info_name", "zhoulc");
values.put("info_age", "24");
insert(CONTENT_URIS,values);
//查询
Cursor cursor = query(CONTENT_URI,null,null,null,null);
if(cursor != null){
if(cursor.moveToFirst()){
int index[] = new int[]{
cursor.getColumnIndex("info_id"),
cursor.getColumnIndex("info_name"),
cursor.getColumnIndex("info_age")
};
do {
System.out.println(cursor.getString(index[1]));
System.out.println(cursor.getString(index[2]));
} while (cursor.moveToNext());
}
}
}
// 该方法用于往ContentProvider添加数据。
public Uri insert(Uri uri,ContentValues values){
Uri dst = resolver.insert(uri, values);
return dst;
}
// 该方法用于从ContentProvider删除数据。
public int delete(Uri uri,String where, String[] selectionArgs){
int colums = resolver.delete(CONTENT_URI, where, selectionArgs);
return colums;
}
// 该方法用于更新ContentProvider中的数据。
public int update(Uri uri,ContentValues values, String where, String[] selectionArgs){
int colums = resolver.update(CONTENT_URI, values, where, selectionArgs);
return colums;
}
// 该方法用于从ContentProvider中获取数据。
public Cursor query(Uri uri,String[] projection, String where, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder){
Cursor cursor = resolver.query(CONTENT_URI, projection, where, selectionArgs, sortOrder);
return cursor;
}
}